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CATTI ?筆譯考試前的幾點(diǎn)善意忠告：扣分實(shí)例
	發(fā)起人：eging4　　回復(fù)數(shù)：1　　瀏覽數(shù)：6233　　最后更新：2022/9/28 6:26:36 by nihaota

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eging4 發(fā)表于 2017/4/28 9:46:32

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CATTI ?筆譯考試前的幾點(diǎn)善意忠告：扣分實(shí)例

供稿：津門龍王 | 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)聯(lián)系原作者并注明來源

5月份翻譯考試在即，眾多考生摩拳擦掌，躍躍欲試。作為一名業(yè)內(nèi)人士，真心希望大家的努力得到應(yīng)有的回報(bào)，如愿通過考試，獲取證書。然而，如果不能做到知己知彼，不了解翻譯考試的特點(diǎn)，也很有可能功虧一簣，不僅努力白費(fèi)，而且浪費(fèi)了一筆不菲的考試費(fèi)。

我想以最新的一套二級(jí)筆譯真題（2016年11月）為例，提幾點(diǎn)忠告，助各位考生一臂之力。

翻譯考試的判卷采用扣分制而非加分制，譯對(duì)是本分，不加分，譯錯(cuò)就懲罰，要扣分。

比如一個(gè)句子20個(gè)單詞，分值一分，譯錯(cuò)一個(gè)單詞就是零分，盡管你譯對(duì)了19個(gè)單詞。

二級(jí)筆譯考試總共四篇文章，每篇總分才25分，每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤至少扣一分，所以不到十個(gè)大大小小的錯(cuò)誤就意味著不及格了。因此必須謹(jǐn)小慎微，努力避免一切導(dǎo)致扣分的明顯硬傷。作為一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的閱卷老師兼翻譯高手，挑錯(cuò)扣分易于反掌。

請(qǐng)看這個(gè)句子，可謂詞詞危險(xiǎn)，步步驚心，如果閱卷老師關(guān)注到，幾乎沒有一位考生不被扣分。

You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be.

“l(fā)ike”很多考生習(xí)慣理解成類比“像……一樣”，而本文作者喜歡用它舉例“例如”；“mortgage”作為婚后生活的最大開銷之一，顯然指“還房貸”而非其他的貸款；

錯(cuò)誤最多的當(dāng)屬“braces”就是“牙套”，而非為未來的孩子做準(zhǔn)備，理由很簡單，名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加之與mortgage并列，作為具體開銷的例子。

“wallet-draining”有很多考試有意無意漏譯，最后，很多考試把“children-to-be”譯為“即將出生的孩子”，簡直荒唐透頂，難道所有情侶談婚論嫁時(shí)，女方都挺著大肚子？

不考慮語境，貌似差之毫厘，實(shí)則謬之千里。這個(gè)貌似簡單的小句只有11個(gè)單詞，全部譯對(duì)，讓老師無法下手扣分者，可謂鳳毛麟角。

理解錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致的硬傷是最明顯、最不可原諒的錯(cuò)誤，扣分最狠，即使你幸運(yùn)地碰到最心慈手軟的閱卷老師。一定要善于運(yùn)用語法、上下文、常識(shí)、邏輯等各種有效武器，幫助正確理解原文。

具體到這段翻譯，如果三個(gè)地方理解錯(cuò)了，肯定無望通過考試。

第一是 And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding?中“dead”一詞的理解；

第二是 because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours 中的“put a roof over their heads”；

第三便是最后一段中關(guān)于Cat的理解。

非常遺憾，大量學(xué)生把第一句中的“dead”理解為本意“死亡”，把這句譯為“如果你的未婚妻在一場童話般（夢(mèng)幻）的婚禮上死去（暴斃，香消玉殞）”。

這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤之所以嚴(yán)重，是因?yàn)椴粌H本句譯錯(cuò)了，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致連鎖反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致下文中好幾個(gè)句子理解翻譯出現(xiàn)偏差，因?yàn)槲椿槠拊诨槎Y上暴斃畢竟不是什么值得高興的事情，與下文中用省下的結(jié)婚費(fèi)用過快樂的單身漢的描述嚴(yán)重背離。

避免這種錯(cuò)誤的有效方法就是善于利用語法分析、常識(shí)或邏輯。從語法上看，明確dead是形容詞還是副詞，是表語還是set的狀語不就明白了嗎？從常識(shí)上看，誰見過未婚妻在一場童話般浪漫的婚禮上暴斃的？從邏輯上分析，一場童話般浪漫的婚禮與新娘子死亡有必然的因果關(guān)系嗎？

第二個(gè)句子中，很多考試把“put a roof over their heads”譯為“在他們頭頂上搭一個(gè)遮風(fēng)避雨的棚子”，在婚禮上搭棚子？著實(shí)令人費(fèi)解。避免這類錯(cuò)誤的最有效武器就是我們的常識(shí)。一般而言，譯文中出現(xiàn)有悖常識(shí)之處必錯(cuò)無疑！
常識(shí)告訴我們，在婚禮上，一對(duì)新人不必喂飽客人，更不會(huì)在賓客的頭頂上搭棚子。他們會(huì)宴請(qǐng)賓客，舉辦一些娛樂活動(dòng)，當(dāng)然前提是租一個(gè)場地，無論是教堂或是飯店。

所以“put a roof over their heads”就是租一個(gè)舉辦婚禮的室內(nèi)場地而已。

For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone indiscriminately.

最后一段中用貓做比喻的意圖很多考生都沒有完全讀明白，導(dǎo)致大量失分。當(dāng)然，此段中疑點(diǎn)較多，“cat”有什么用？“dough”是什么意思？“finger bling”指什么？它們與“hotties”有什么關(guān)系等等？都要逐一冷靜分析判斷?！癲ough”是俚語，意即“money”；“finger bling”結(jié)合上下文，肯定就是結(jié)婚戒指。

合乎情理的解釋應(yīng)該是，無名指上戴一枚重金購置的亮閃閃的戒指固然可以昭告天下佩戴者的已婚身份，打消覬覦者的非分之心，但是一只相對(duì)便宜的漂亮家貓也可以達(dá)到同樣的效果，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)毛絨絨的小動(dòng)物誰都不喜歡，你帶誰回家，它都會(huì)把她撓出去。貓比戒指更好，只是因?yàn)樨埍茹@戒便宜得多。

然而，很多考生卻理解為，貓比戒指更好，是因?yàn)樨埐辉诤跄忝恐苣旅婵谆丶疫^夜。如此曲解，恐怕有悖人類最基本的婚姻道德觀和社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀吧。此外，還要特別注意此處作者調(diào)侃幽默的語氣，所以不必當(dāng)真，并非讓讀者真的去用貓代替鉆戒。哈哈。

幾點(diǎn)忠告，總結(jié)如下：

不求精彩，但求無誤。

避免誤解，杜絕硬傷。

謹(jǐn)小慎微，認(rèn)真細(xì)心。

語法語境，正解之本。

邏輯常識(shí)，翻譯利器。

預(yù)祝大家好運(yùn)！

附 2016.11 CATTI 英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)英譯漢第一篇

Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.

The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.

So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn’t it make more sense to save your hard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you’re likely to face in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.

With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?

And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull,because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.

In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone indiscriminately.

2016.11 CATTI 英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)科目試題

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