2021年6月新聞熱詞匯總

6月，神舟十二號載人飛船發(fā)射成功，我國三名航天員進入空間站核心艙；中共一大紀念館正式開館；反外國制裁法正式公布實施；華為正式發(fā)布鴻蒙智能手機操作系統(tǒng)；教育部新成立校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司；中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀念幣發(fā)行；我國首次頒授“七一勛章”；中央網(wǎng)信辦開展飯圈亂象治理行動等。
三孩政策 three-child policy
中共中央政治局5月31日召開會議，聽取“十四五”時期積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化重大政策舉措?yún)R報，審議《關(guān)于優(yōu)化生育政策促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展的決定》。
The meeting unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children, in a bid to cope with an increasingly aging society. It also pledged stronger support for families.
會議提出，實施一對夫妻可以生育三個子女政策及配套支持措施，以應(yīng)對人口老齡化程度加深問題。
【知識點】
黨的十八大以來，黨中央根據(jù)我國人口發(fā)展變化形勢，先后作出一系列重大決策部署。
2013年，十八屆三中全會決定啟動實施“單獨二孩”政策（夫妻中有一方為獨生子女的可生育兩個孩子，two-child policy for couples of which one partner is an only child）。
2015年，十八屆五中全會決定實施“全面二孩政策”（the universal two-child policy），積極開展應(yīng)對人口老齡化（aging population）行動，促進人口均衡發(fā)展（improve the balanced development of population）。
實施三孩政策，有哪些配套措施？
They stressed the need for unified policymaking in terms of marriage, births, parenting and education, with stronger measures to guide young adults on issues related to marriage and family values and to target unhealthy social conduct during wedding ceremonies and excessive betrothal gifts.
要將婚嫁、生育、養(yǎng)育、教育一體考慮，加強適婚青年婚戀觀、家庭觀教育引導(dǎo)，對婚嫁陋習、天價彩禮等不良社會風氣進行治理。
【知識點】
彩禮（betrothal gifts）是我國婚禮習俗中的一部分，指婚前男方送給女方的禮金和聘禮，送彩禮代表婚約正式締結(jié)，若有反悔，彩禮一般要退回。彩禮一般分為禮金（gift money）和實物（gift items）兩部分。與彩禮對應(yīng)的是女方出嫁時娘家準備的“嫁妝”（dowry）。
The level of services to ensure good prenatal and postnatal care must be improved, and a child care service system that benefits all families will be established.
提高優(yōu)生優(yōu)育服務(wù)水平，發(fā)展普惠托育服務(wù)體系。
The meeting called for greater equality in education and an enhanced supply of high-quality education resources to reduce families' education expenditure.
推進教育公平與優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源供給，降低家庭教育開支。
More incentives in taxes and housing will be rolled out and the legitimate interests of women in the job market will be safeguarded.
加強稅收、住房等支持政策，保障女性就業(yè)合法權(quán)益。
【詞匯講解】
Roll out something或者roll something out都表示“首次推出、發(fā)布（服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、政策等）”，比如：The company plans to roll out the new product across Europe in the coming months.（公司計劃未來幾個月在歐洲發(fā)布這款新產(chǎn)品）。其名詞形式為rollout，表示某個產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)經(jīng)過試用后逐步擴大供應(yīng)至更多人群，比如：rollout of COVID-19 vaccines（新冠疫苗供應(yīng)）。此外，英語里還有一個固定短語roll out the red carpet for (someone)，字面意思是“為某人鋪紅毯”，其實也是“歡迎某人，盛情款待”的意思，比如：The city council decided to roll out the red carpet for the visit of the foreign prince.（該市議會決定為這位外國王子舉辦盛大的歡迎儀式）。
China should continue to implement its current reward and assistance system as well as preferential policies for families with one child and rural families with only two daughters who were born before the implementation of the two-child policy.
對全面兩孩政策調(diào)整前的獨生子女家庭和農(nóng)村計劃生育雙女家庭，要繼續(xù)實行現(xiàn)行各項獎勵扶助制度和優(yōu)惠政策。
The nation will establish and improve various policies for such families under the family planning policy.
要建立健全計劃生育特殊家庭全方位幫扶保障制度。
The meeting urged efforts to deepen the national medium- and long-term population development strategy and regional population development planning to promote long-term and balanced population development.
要深化國家人口中長期發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和區(qū)域人口發(fā)展規(guī)劃研究，促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展。
校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu) off-campus training institutions
The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) slapped fines amounting to 36.5 million yuan on 15 tutoring firms on Tuesday for false advertising and pricing frauds.
市場監(jiān)管總局6月1日宣布，15家校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)因虛假宣傳、價格欺詐被處以總計3650萬元的罰款。
【詞匯講解】
Fraud這個詞既可以指“欺詐”這個行為或罪名，也可以表示某個人是“騙子”或某件事是“騙局”，比如：That diet book is a fraud and a waste of time（那本烹飪書就是騙人的，純屬浪費時間），credit card fraud（信用卡詐騙），He claims to be a doctor, but he's just a fraud without a medical licence.（他自稱是醫(yī)生，但其實是一個沒有醫(yī)師執(zhí)照的騙子）。
The SAMR inspection found that 15 training institutions had indulged in false advertising, while 13 resorted to pricing frauds.
市場監(jiān)管總局檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，15家機構(gòu)有虛假宣傳行為，13家機構(gòu)存在價格欺詐行為。
【詞匯講解】
校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)可以統(tǒng)稱為after-school/off-campus training institutions，其中針對在校課程的“補習班”可以用cram session或者tutoring class表示，而根據(jù)孩子們的興趣愛好開設(shè)的“興趣班”則可以用hobby class表示。
The regulator found that academic qualifications of some tutors at the firms were fabricated or exaggerated.
市場監(jiān)管總局發(fā)現(xiàn)部分培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)虛構(gòu)或夸大教師資質(zhì)。
市場監(jiān)管總局價監(jiān)競爭局局長袁喜祿表示，
The tutoring industry should not develop for profiteering, and disorderly expansion should be forestalled.
校外培訓(xùn)不是逐利的風口，不是圈錢的工具，不能無序發(fā)展，不能盲目擴張。
【詞匯講解】
Profiteer這個詞以profit開頭，所以這個詞表達的意思與“利潤，利益”有關(guān)，profiteer可以用作動詞或名詞，表示“牟取暴利”或“牟取暴利的人、投機商人”等，比如：a war profiteer（戰(zhàn)時投機商）。Profiteering也是名詞，表示“牟取暴利（行為）”，比如：We will not tolerate profiteering on food aid that is supposed to be free.（我們不能容忍用免費的援助食物牟取暴利的行為）。
The malpractices of false advertising and pricing fraud have damaged the legitimate rights and interests of students and their parents and disrupted the orderly market competition.
虛假宣傳、價格欺詐等違法違規(guī)行為不僅損害了家長和學生的合法權(quán)益，還嚴重擾亂了行業(yè)競爭秩序。
對于校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)亂象，群眾反映日益強烈
The first quarter of 2021 saw surging complaints about the tutoring industry, with the total number of complaints filed by consumers via the online service platform "12315" topping 47,100, up 65 percent from a year earlier.
今年一季度，12315在線平臺的教育培訓(xùn)服務(wù)投訴舉報達4.71萬件，同比增長65%。
持續(xù)加大校外培訓(xùn)市場監(jiān)管力度
Market regulators will build a long-term mechanism of oversight and improve the code of conduct and supervision principles.
市場監(jiān)管部門將構(gòu)建長效監(jiān)管機制，完善校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)的行為規(guī)范和監(jiān)管原則。

鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng) HarmonyOS 2
Chinese telecom giant Huawei on Wednesday officially launched its operating system HarmonyOS 2 for smartphones, providing customers worldwide with a competitive alternative that works on a diverse range of devices.
6月2日，中國通訊巨頭華為正式發(fā)布鴻蒙智能手機操作系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可搭載多個系列的產(chǎn)品，為全球用戶提供了一個頗具競爭力的替代品。
【知識點】
“鴻蒙”在漢語詞典里的解釋是：古人認為天地開辟之前是一團混沌的元氣，這種自然的元氣叫做鴻蒙。但鴻蒙系統(tǒng)的英文名卻并沒有直接采用漢語拼音HongMeng，而是取名Harmony。余承東是這樣解釋的：“‘鴻蒙’中文有‘開天辟地’的意思，最接近的英語單詞就是Genesis（讀作['d?en?s?s]）。用漢語拼音太難發(fā)音了，所以我們?nèi)∶鸋armony，希望給世界帶來更多和平（peace）、方便（convenience）?！?/span>
這里的OS是operating system的簡寫形式，比如蘋果的操作系統(tǒng)就是iOS，安卓的操作系統(tǒng)就是Android OS。
HarmonyOS, or Hongmeng in Chinese, is an open-source operating system designed for various devices and scenarios. It first launched on Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, including wearables and tablets, in August 2019.
鴻蒙是一個開源操作系統(tǒng)，可用于多個設(shè)備和場景。2019年8月，鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)布，主要用于可穿戴設(shè)備和平板等物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備。
鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng)有什么特點？
As a next-generation operating system for smart devices, HarmonyOS provides a common language for different kinds of devices to connect and collaborate, providing users with a more convenient, smooth, and secure experience.
鴻蒙系統(tǒng)是新一代智能終端操作系統(tǒng)，為不同設(shè)備的智能化、互聯(lián)與協(xié)同提供統(tǒng)一的語言。鴻蒙更便捷、更流暢、更安全。
武漢大學計算機學院助理教授趙小剛表示，
Zhao called HarmonyOS a "mega-terminal" that enables more streamlined and efficient cross-device connectivity.
鴻蒙創(chuàng)造出了“超級終端”，使多設(shè)備互聯(lián)更加簡化、高效。
【詞匯講解】
Streamline這個詞用作動詞表示“to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler”，即“通過簡化辦事流程來提高企業(yè)或政府機構(gòu)的效率”，比如，streamline administration and delegate power就是時政類報道中經(jīng)常提到的“簡政放權(quán)”，The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company（降低成本的措施包括簡化公司的行政流程）。
"HarmonyOS greatly enhances the interactive speed between devices and improves the efficiency of their computing power, thus providing customers with a more optimized cross-device user experience," said Zhao.
鴻蒙大大提升了多設(shè)備的交互速度，提高了設(shè)備算力的利用率，從而提供了一個更加優(yōu)化的多設(shè)備用戶體驗。
華為常務(wù)董事、消費者業(yè)務(wù)CEO余承東表示：
"We are surrounded by more and more smart devices these days, and are now in a world where all things are connected," said Yu. "Every single one of us is a part of this fully connected world, as is every device. We look forward to working with more partners and developers to build a thriving HarmonyOS ecosystem," he said.
隨著每個人身邊的智能設(shè)備越來越多，我們已步入萬物互聯(lián)時代。沒有人是一個孤島，每個人、每個設(shè)備都是萬物互聯(lián)大陸的一部分。我們希望與更多合作伙伴、開發(fā)者共同繁榮鴻蒙生態(tài)。
市場反饋
Chinese industries, including home appliances, sports and fitness, travel, entertainment, and education, have welcomed the launch of HarmonyOS.
覆蓋家電家居、運動健康、出行、娛樂、教育等領(lǐng)域的中國產(chǎn)業(yè)界對鴻蒙系統(tǒng)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)表現(xiàn)出積極態(tài)度。
In May, Midea Group, a leading Chinese home appliances maker, announced that it would roll out some 200 new products running on HarmonyOS by the end of this year.
今年5月，中國家電業(yè)巨頭美的集團宣布計劃在年內(nèi)推出近200款搭載鴻蒙系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品進入市場。
Huawei expects the number of devices equipped with HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of 2021, including more than 200 million for Huawei devices.
華為計劃在2021年實現(xiàn)將鴻蒙系統(tǒng)覆蓋3億臺設(shè)備，其中2億臺為自有設(shè)備。
中共一大紀念館 the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China
6月3日，位于上海市的中國共產(chǎn)黨第一次全國代表大會紀念館（the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China）開館。
The memorial includes the site of the first CPC National Congress, an oath-taking hall, and a newly-built exhibition area.
中共一大紀念館由中共一大會址、宣誓大廳、新建展館等部分組成。
【詞匯講解】
說到“紀念館”或“紀念碑”，我們會想到對應(yīng)的是memorial和monument這兩個詞。在具體使用的時候，兩個詞稍有區(qū)別：memorial可以指“紀念堂、紀念館，紀念物、紀念碑”等各類用以緬懷逝去的人們或者紀念某個重要事件的建筑物，比如：chairman Mao memorial hall（毛主席紀念堂），Beichuan Earthquake Memorial（北川地震紀念館）等，同時，memorial也可以直接表示“紀念（悼念）儀式”，可以跟memorial service/ceremony替換使用，比如：Thousands of people attended a memorial to victims of the accident.（數(shù)千人參加了這次事故遇難者的悼念儀式）。
Monument更多地用來指代實物的“紀念碑、紀念館”等具有歷史意義的建筑，一般用來紀念有重大影響的人物、事件等，比如：the Monument to the People's Heroes（人民英雄紀念碑），Washington Monument（華盛頓紀念碑），法國的Arc de Triomphe（凱旋門）也屬于monument。固定短語be a monument to sth表示“是...的豐碑，是...的不朽成果”，比如：The annual arts festival is a monument to her vision and hard work.（一年一度的藝術(shù)節(jié)是她開闊的視野及辛勤創(chuàng)作的成果）。The hotel is a monument to mass tourism.（這家旅館是大眾旅游熱潮的見證）。
More than 1,100 selected items that highlight the Party's history have been displayed in the exhibition area spanning 3,400 square meters.
展廳面積3400平方米，展出1100多件精選出來的黨史文物。
The exhibition area is divided into seven sections that chronicle the founding of the CPC as well as the Party's efforts and achievements over the past 100 years.
展覽共7個板塊，生動體現(xiàn)中國共產(chǎn)黨的誕生和百年奮斗歷程。
【詞匯講解】
Chronicle做名詞的時候表示“編年史”，一般強調(diào)按事件發(fā)生的順序記載，比如：a chronicle of the French Revolution（法國革命編年史），用作動詞的時候就表示“詳細記錄某件事的發(fā)生經(jīng)過”，比如：His one-man show chronicles the life of Mark Twain.（他的單人秀生動展現(xiàn)了馬克吐溫的一生）。
Exhibits including relics, photos and literature cover major events such as the New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement, the establishment of early CPC organizations and early CPC national congresses.
建黨文物集中展示新文化運動、五四運動、共產(chǎn)黨早期組織的成立，以及早期中國共產(chǎn)黨全國代表大會等事件的珍貴文獻、照片、實物等。
A total of 72 versions of The Communist Manifesto are also on display.
《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》72種版本全部展出。

“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”倡議 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Amidst the triple environmental threat of biodiversity loss, climate disruption and escalating pollution, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Friday launched the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration on the eve of World Environment Day.
6月4日，聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯宣布啟動“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”行動計劃，以應(yīng)對生物多樣性喪失、氣候破壞和污染加劇的三重環(huán)境威脅。
【知識點】
“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”倡議（the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration）是一項全球性號召，致力于推動世界各地對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進行保護和修復(fù)（a rallying call for the protection and revival of ecosystems all around the world），從而造福人類和自然。它旨在制止生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化（halt the degradation of ecosystems），并對其進行修復(fù)，以實現(xiàn)全球目標。只有擁有健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們才能改善人民生計，抵御氣候變化，阻止生物多樣性喪失（Only with healthy ecosystems can we enhance people’s livelihoods, counteract climate change, and stop the collapse of biodiversity）。
聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年從2021年持續(xù)到2030年，這也是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標的最后期限（the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals）和科學家們認定的防止災(zāi)難性氣候變化的最后機會（the timeline scientists have identified as the last chance to prevent catastrophic climate change）。
“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”由聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（the UN Environment Programme，UNEP）和聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織（the Food and Agriculture Organization，F(xiàn)AO）共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，旨在重構(gòu)、重建、重塑生態(tài)系統(tǒng)（ re-imagine, recreate and restore ecosystems）。
聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯在行動計劃在線啟動儀式上發(fā)表視頻講話說，
The planet was rapidly reaching a "point of no return," cutting down forests, polluting rivers and oceans, and ploughing grasslands "into oblivion."
地球正迅速接近“不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的臨界點”?？撤ド?、污染河流和海洋、開墾草原導(dǎo)致自然資源正在“消失殆盡”。
【詞匯講解】
單詞oblivion本意是“完全被遺忘”，常見的搭配是fade/slide/sink into oblivion，均表示“慢慢淡出別人的記憶”，比如：These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion（這些玩具在手邊玩一兩年以后就會被冷落在一旁了）。此外，oblivion還表示“被徹底摧毀”，比如：The planes bombed the city into oblivion（飛機轟炸把這座城市夷為平地）。
"We are ravaging the very ecosystems that underpin our societies," the UN chief warned.
我們正在破壞支撐我們社會的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
"Our degradation of the natural world is destroying the very food, water and resources needed to survive, and already undermining the well-being of 3.2 billion people -- or 40 percent of humanity," said the top UN official.
自然界的退化正在破壞人類賴以生存的食物、水和資源，而且已經(jīng)危及全球40%的人口（32億人）的生存。
But fortunately, the Earth is resilient and "we still have time to reverse the damage we have done," he added.
幸運的是，地球是有恢復(fù)能力的，我們還有時間扭轉(zhuǎn)自己造成的破壞。
【詞匯講解】
時政類報道中經(jīng)常提到的“經(jīng)濟有韌性”一般會翻譯為resilience in economic development或者resilient economic growth。所謂的“韌性”就是指經(jīng)歷過挫折和困境以后還能恢復(fù)到原先活力狀態(tài)的能力，形容詞resilient和名詞resilience都可以用來表達這個意思。此外，形容詞resilient和名詞resilience也表示“彈性好的，能復(fù)原的，適應(yīng)力好的”等意思，比如：Life is hard there, but the people are resilient.（那里生活艱難，但是人們都堅韌不拔），上文中the Earth is resilient也是這一層意思。This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.（這個橡皮球彈性非常好，很快就恢復(fù)了原狀）。
By restoring ecosystems, he said that "we can drive a transformation that will contribute to the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals."
通過恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以推動一場變革，這將有助于實現(xiàn)所有可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標。
"Accomplishing these things will not only safeguard the planet's resources. It will create millions of new jobs by 2030, generate returns of over 7 trillion US dollars every year and help eliminate poverty and hunger."
做好有關(guān)工作，不僅能保護地球資源，而且到2030年，這場變革將創(chuàng)造數(shù)百萬新的就業(yè)機會，每年產(chǎn)生超過7萬億美元的回報并幫助消除貧困和饑餓。
He pointed out that the next 10 years are "our final chance to avert a climate catastrophe, turn back the deadly tide of pollution and end species loss."
未來十年是避免氣候災(zāi)難、扭轉(zhuǎn)致命污染浪潮、終結(jié)物種喪失的最后機會。

新冠疫苗緊急使用 emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines
China is expected to administer COVID-19 vaccines to at least 70 percent of the target population by the end of this year, an official from the National Health Commission confirmed, as the country continues to ramp up its inoculation drive to approve the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines for those aged between 3 and 17 years old.
我國繼續(xù)推進新冠疫苗接種工作，已批準將3-17歲人群納入新冠疫苗緊急使用年齡范圍。國家衛(wèi)健委相關(guān)負責人表示，預(yù)計到今年年底前，我國將完成至少70%的目標人群接種。
【知識點】
我國已有21個新冠疫苗進入臨床試驗階段（21 COVID-19 vaccines entering different stages of clinical trials）。目前有4個疫苗在國內(nèi)獲批附條件上市（conditional market approval for public use），3個疫苗在國內(nèi)獲批緊急使用（emergency use authorization），8個疫苗在國外獲批開展Ⅲ期臨床試驗（launch Phase-3 clinical trials），1個mRNA疫苗在國外獲倫理批準（pass ethics evaluation overseas），實現(xiàn)了境外臨床試驗滅活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重組蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒載體疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）技術(shù)路線的全面覆蓋。
Preliminary results from Phase I and II clinical trials showed the vaccine could trigger immune response in three to 17 year-old participants, and most adverse reactions were mild.
Ⅰ/Ⅱ期臨床試驗初步結(jié)果顯示，疫苗能夠觸發(fā)3到17歲接種者體內(nèi)的免疫反應(yīng)，多數(shù)不良反應(yīng)輕微。
Following approval by relevant authorities, vaccination will be open to people in this age group based on the epidemic prevention and control situation .
經(jīng)國家有關(guān)部門批準后，會根據(jù)疫情防控需要在這一人群中推動接種。
年齡最大接種者超過100歲
Over 763 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered across China as of Saturday, NHC figures showed.
國家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至6月5日，我國新冠疫苗接種已超過7.63億劑次。
The oldest vaccine recipients in China's vaccination campaign, open to people aged over 18, are more than 100 years old.
目前我國新冠疫苗接種面向18歲以上人群，其中年齡最大的接種者超過100歲。
China is also making headway in creating nasal spray and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines as clinical trials of them are underway, and experts will study their safety and efficacy after completing the collection of relevant data.
我國在鼻噴霧式 / 吸入型新冠疫苗研發(fā)方面也有新進展，目前這種疫苗正在進行臨床試驗。相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集完成后，專家將對其安全性和有效性展開研究。
【詞匯講解】
固定搭配make headway表示“move forward or make progress”（前進或有進步），比如：The boat made little headway against the strong current（海浪太大，船幾乎沒怎么動）；We're gradually making headway with the project（我們的項目在慢慢推進）。

長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護 ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin
6月7日，國務(wù)院關(guān)于長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護工作情況的報告提請十三屆全國人大常委會第二十九次會議審議。
China has made notable progress in improving water quality, restoring aquatic biodiversity and controlling pollution in the Yangtze River basin, according to the report.
報告顯示，長江流域在水質(zhì)提升、水生物種多樣性修復(fù)以及污染防控方面均取得明顯成效。
Water quality of 96.7 percent of Yangtze River segments reached Level III standard or above in 2020, 13.3 percentage points higher than the national average and 14.9 percentage points higher than the 2015 figure. For the first time, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Level II standard or above in 2020, the report notes.
2020年，長江流域水質(zhì)優(yōu)良（Ⅲ類以上）斷面比例為96.7%，高于全國平均水平13.3個百分點，較2015年提高14.9個百分點，干流首次全線達到Ⅱ類水質(zhì)。
【知識點】
根據(jù)國家環(huán)?？偩峙c國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》，依據(jù)地表水（surface water）水域環(huán)境功能和保護目標（the utilization purposes and protection objectives），按功能高低依次劃分為五類：
Ⅰ類（一類地表水 Class I） 主要適用于源頭水（source water）、國家自然保護區(qū)（national nature reserves）；
Ⅱ類 （二類地表水 Class II）主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地一級保護區(qū)（first-class protected areas for centralized sources of drinking water）、珍稀水生生物棲息地（protected areas for rare aquatic animals）、魚蝦類產(chǎn)場（spawning fields of fishes and shrimps）、仔稚幼魚的索餌場等；
Ⅲ類 （三類地表水 Class III）主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地二級保護區(qū)、魚蝦類越冬場、洄游通道（migration pathways）、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)（aquatic breeding areas）等漁業(yè)水域及游泳區(qū)；
Ⅳ類（四類地表水 Class IV） 主要適用于一般工業(yè)用水區(qū)及人體非直接接觸的娛樂用水區(qū)（water areas for industrial use and entertainment which is not directly touched by human bodies）；
V類（五類地表水 Class V） 主要適用于農(nóng)業(yè)用水區(qū)及一般景觀要求水域（water bodies for agricultural and landscape use）。
此外，水污染治理中提到的“劣Ⅴ類”（below Class V），是指質(zhì)量低于V類的水，甚至無法用于工業(yè)和灌溉用途（unusable even for industrial or irrigation purposes），被描述為“黑臭”水體（"black and stinky" water）。
落實長江“十年禁漁”
Provinces and municipalities along the Yangtze River have effectively implemented the 10-year fishing ban, with 228,000 fishermen on 110,000 boats relinquishing their nets, says the report, adding that there have been more frequent sightings of flagship species, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, after the ban.
沿江省市落實長江“十年禁漁”，累計退捕漁船11萬艘、漁民22.8萬人。禁捕后，長江江豚等旗艦物種的出現(xiàn)頻率增加。
【詞匯講解】
這里的relinquish表示“放棄（某種責任或權(quán)力；手中持有的東西）”，比如：relinquish one's claim to the throne（放棄王位），relinquish control of the family business（放棄家族生意），以及上文中的relinquish nets（放下漁網(wǎng)），也就是“退捕”，不再打魚了。
加強污染治理
Amid pollution control efforts, 558 hazardous chemical production enterprises in densely populated urban areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been relocated or transformed, accounting for 97.2 percent of the total number, says the report.
在污染治理方面，完成長江經(jīng)濟帶城鎮(zhèn)人口密集區(qū)危險化學品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)搬遷改造558家，完成率97.2%。
Measures have been taken to curb agricultural non-point source pollution, says the report, adding that efforts have been strengthened to prevent shipping pollution, promoting the use of new and clean energy by ships in ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
加強農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治，同時，加強航運污染治理，持續(xù)推進長江經(jīng)濟帶港口船舶使用新能源、清潔能源。
推動綠色發(fā)展
2021年是全面貫徹落實長江保護法（the Yangtze River conservation law）的第一年。要全面貫徹落實長江保護法，依法推動長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。
More efforts will be made in promoting green development, preventing and controlling pollution, carrying out ecological restoration, and establishing and improving relevant systems and mechanisms, the report notes.
要扎實推動綠色發(fā)展，深入開展污染防治，持續(xù)開展生態(tài)修復(fù)，建立健全制度機制。
全球經(jīng)濟增長預(yù)期 global economic projection
6月8日，世界銀行發(fā)布最新一期《全球經(jīng)濟展望》報告。
China's economic growth is expected to accelerate to 8.5 percent this year, faster than projected in January, supported by buoyant exports and release of pent-up demand amid effective control of the COVID-19 outbreak, the World Bank said in the report.
世界銀行在報告中指出，受活躍的出口貿(mào)易以及新冠疫情有效控制后被壓抑的需求得到釋放等因素支撐，今年中國經(jīng)濟增速有望提升至8.5%，高于今年1月的預(yù)估。
【詞匯講解】
很多人看到project這個詞，第一反應(yīng)就是“項目、工程”，但是在經(jīng)濟展望的報道里，project通常用作動詞，表示“to estimate for the future based on information already known”，即“（根據(jù)已知信息）預(yù)測、預(yù)估”，比如：Government spending is projected to rise by three percent next year（預(yù)計明年政府支出將增加3%），其名詞形式就是projection，比如上文中的“faster than projected in January”也可以改寫為“higher than the January projection”。
In addition to China, the strong rebounds from a few major economies, including the United States whose growth is projected at 6.8 percent, will propel the global economy to expand by 5.6 percent this year, the fastest post-recession pace in 80 years, according to the report.
報告指出，除中國以外，得益于美國等少數(shù)幾個主要經(jīng)濟體強勁反彈支撐，今年全球經(jīng)濟增長預(yù)期為5.6%，將成為80年來全球在經(jīng)濟衰退后的最快增速。美國經(jīng)濟預(yù)計將增長6.8%。
Despite the recovery, global output will be about 2 percent below pre-pandemic projections by the end of this year, the report showed. Per capita income losses will not be unwound by 2022 for about two-thirds of emerging markets and developing economies.
報告表示，盡管出現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇，但到今年年底全球產(chǎn)出將比疫情前預(yù)測低2%左右。約三分之二新興市場和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟體的人均收入損失在2022年之前將難以恢復(fù)。
【詞匯講解】
這里的unwound是動詞unwind（讀作 /?n?wɑ?nd/）的過去分詞形式，表示“to change or remove the effects of something”（改變或消除某事的影響），比如：Financial markets believe that these imbalances can be unwound gradually, allowing the economy to land softly（金融市場認為，這些失衡現(xiàn)象會逐步消除，讓經(jīng)濟得以軟著陸）。其實，unwind就是動詞wind（讀作 /wɑ?nd/）的反義詞，wind表示“擰，轉(zhuǎn)”等意思，“給鐘表上發(fā)條”常用wind (up) a clock or watch表示，與之相反，wind down或unwind就可以表示“松開發(fā)條，放松”，相當于relax，比如：The facility was built as a place where workers could go and unwind after their shifts（這個地方就是讓工人們換班以后放松休息的地方）。
世行行長馬爾帕斯表示，
While there are welcome signs of global recovery, the pandemic continues to inflict poverty and inequality on people in developing countries around the world.
雖然出現(xiàn)全球復(fù)蘇的可喜跡象，但疫情持續(xù)給世界各地發(fā)展中國家的人民帶來貧困和不平等。
First and foremost, expanding vaccine distribution and deployment, especially to developing countries, is a precondition to economic recovery.
首要任務(wù)是擴大疫苗分配和供給，特別是對發(fā)展中國家的供應(yīng)，這是經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的前提條件。
Globally coordinated efforts are essential to accelerate vaccine distribution and debt relief, particularly for low-income countries.
在加快疫苗分配和減債進程中，全球范圍的協(xié)調(diào)工作至關(guān)重要，對低收入國家而言尤其如此。
As the health crisis eases, policymakers will need to address the pandemic's lasting effects and take steps to spur green, resilient, and inclusive growth while safeguarding macroeconomic stability.
隨著健康危機逐漸消退，政府決策者需要著手解決疫情的持久性影響，采取措施促進綠色、有韌性和包容性的增長，同時維護宏觀經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定。

反外國制裁法 law against foreign sanctions
6月10日下午，十三屆全國人大常委會第二十九次會議表決通過了《中華人民共和國反外國制裁法》，國家主席習近平簽署主席令予以公布，自公布之日起施行。
China's passing of the law against foreign sanctions is an urgent necessity in order to counter the hegemonism and power politics of some Western countries, an official with China's top legislature said. It is also an urgent necessity to safeguard China's national sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as to coordinate both the domestic and overseas-related rule-of-law, an official of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) said.
全國人大常委會法工委負責人表示，通過反外國制裁法，是反擊某些西方國家霸權(quán)主義和強權(quán)政治的迫切需要，是維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的迫切需要，是統(tǒng)籌推進國內(nèi)法治和涉外法治的迫切需要。
【詞匯講解】
這里的counter作為動詞，表示“反制，反擊”，“反”這個字強調(diào)的是對某個行為做出“反應(yīng)”，是一個reaction，所以，counter有時候也用作前綴，表示“反”，比如：countermeasure（反制措施），counterattack（反擊），counterterrorism（反恐）等。
In recent years, some Western countries and organizations have smeared China's domestic and foreign policies and legislation, and imposed so-called sanctions upon related state organs, organizations and public servants by using pretexts including Xinjiang, Tibet and Hong Kong-related issues.
近年來，某些西方國家和組織利用涉疆涉藏涉港等各種議題和借口，對中國內(nèi)外政策和有關(guān)立法修法議程橫加指責、抹黑、攻擊，對中國有關(guān)國家機關(guān)、組織和國家工作人員實施所謂“制裁”。
【詞匯講解】
這里的impose表示“把...強加給；強制實行”等意思，強調(diào)的是“強制、強加”這個意思，常用的搭配就是impose something on/upon someone/something，比如：The government imposed high taxes on cigarettes.（政府對香煙施加重稅）。The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.（議會在城市公園里實行禁酒令）。你會注意到impose后面跟的一般都是tax、ban、fine等強制政策或懲罰手段。此外，這個短語還可以用來表示“把某人的想法強加在別人身上”，比如：I don't want to impose my will upon my child.（我不想把我的意愿強加在孩子身上）。
The purpose of formulating the law is to counter, fight and oppose unilateral sanctions on China imposed by foreign countries, safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests as well as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations, the official said.
制定反外國制裁法，主要目的是為了反制、反擊、反對外國對中國搞的所謂“單邊制裁”，維護我國的主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，保護我國公民、組織的合法權(quán)益。
反外國制裁法第六條明確列舉了三類反制措施：
-- Refusing to issue visas, banning entry into China, invalidating visas, and deportation;
一是不予簽發(fā)簽證、不準入境、注銷簽證或者驅(qū)逐出境；
-- Sealing up, seizing and freezing movable, immovable and other types of property in China;
二是查封、扣押、凍結(jié)在我國境內(nèi)的動產(chǎn)、不動產(chǎn)和其他各類財產(chǎn)；
-- Prohibiting from conducting related transactions with domestic organizations or individuals;
三是禁止或者限制我國境內(nèi)的組織、個人與其進行有關(guān)交易、合作等活動。
同時，還作了一個兜底性規(guī)定，即“其他必要措施”。
制定實施反外國制裁法不會給國家對外開放帶來不利影響
China's determination and will to deepen reform, expand opening-up and safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests stand firm, the official added.
中國深化改革、擴大開放的決心和意志是堅定不移的，維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的決心和意志也是堅定不移的。

燃氣爆炸 gas explosion
6月13日，湖北十堰市張灣區(qū)艷湖社區(qū)集貿(mào)市場發(fā)生燃氣爆炸。
The State Council's Work Safety Commission will supervise the investigation of the deadly gas explosion in Central China's Hubei province.
國務(wù)院安委會將對湖北省這次燃氣爆炸事故進行掛牌督辦。
【單詞講解】
Blast和explosion均表示“爆炸”，可以替換使用，不過blast除了表示“爆炸”以外，還可以表示“（爆炸產(chǎn)生的）沖擊波；強勁的氣流；一陣...”等，比如：a blast of freezing rain（一陣冷冷的冰雨），a blast of anger（一股怒氣），feel the blast from several miles away（感受到了幾英里之外的沖擊波）。
Together with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Emergency Management has asked local governments to locate markets and catering businesses that use gas and make sure they all have gas leakage alert systems installed as soon as possible.
應(yīng)急管理部已聯(lián)合住建部等部門推動各地區(qū)全面摸排使用燃氣的集貿(mào)市場、餐飲等生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位底數(shù)，盡快安裝燃氣泄漏報警裝置。
【詞匯講解】
這里的locate表示“to find or discover the exact position of something”，即“找到或確定某物的具體位置”的意思，在偵探劇中我們經(jīng)常會聽到這個詞，比如：The police were unable to locate the murder weapon（警方?jīng)]能找到殺人兇器），Sniffer dogs located the drugs（嗅探犬找到了毒品）等等。在日常的語境中，locate經(jīng)常用來表示“位于，坐落于”等意思，比如：The factory was located too close to a residential area（那座工廠的位置離居民區(qū)太近），My home is located on the outskirts of town（我們家在郊區(qū)）。
More than 2,000 people, including 210 firefighters, have been involved in the search and rescue work, and 913 households near the market have been evacuated for their safety.
共有2000余人參與搜救工作，其中包括210名消防員。出于安全考慮，市場附近913戶居民已被疏散。
A team has been set up to investigate the blast, and Hubei will launch a province-wide blanket inspection to root out potential work safety hazards.
當?shù)匾呀M成事故調(diào)查組，湖北省將在全省展開安全大檢查，排除潛在安全隱患。
【詞匯講解】
Blanket這個詞我們最熟悉的意思是“毯子”，比如：an electric blanket（電熱毯），短語a blanket of something指“一層...”，比如： a thick blanket of snow（厚厚的一層雪）。在這里blanket用作形容詞，表示“全面的，綜合的，包括（所有人，所有事）的”，比如： a blanket ban on smoking（全面禁煙令）。
The commission and the Ministry of Emergency Management also asked local governments to better educate the public about evacuation procedures and to carry out drills so they won't panic when accidents happen.
安委會和應(yīng)急管理部要求當?shù)卣訌娙罕姲踩逃嘤?xùn)，開展經(jīng)常性熟悉演練，防止出現(xiàn)險情時手忙腳亂或不知所措。
Working groups from the central departments have been sent to guide the handling of the accident, while a national medical team has also been dispatched to Shiyan.
中央各部委已派出工作組指導(dǎo)事故處理工作，同時派醫(yī)療專家組趕赴十堰。

校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司  department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools
The Ministry of Education on Tuesday established a new department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools, aiming to reduce students' excessive academic burden.
6月15日，教育部新成立校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司，旨在為學生減負。
【詞匯講解】
這里的“監(jiān)管”用regulate來表示，是因為regulate強調(diào)“（按照法律法規(guī)）管理或指導(dǎo)（工作）”或者“為...制定規(guī)范規(guī)則”，包含了“監(jiān)督”和“管理”兩重含義，比如：The government has introduced new laws to regulate the sale of tobacco（國家頒布新法規(guī)范煙草銷售）。我們通常所說的“行政管理”多用administer表示，這個詞強調(diào)的是“管理（機構(gòu)的運行）”，比如：the UN will administer the country until elections can be held（選舉之前，這個國家由聯(lián)合國進行管理）， 所以國家的一些行政管理機構(gòu)的名稱里一般都有administration這個詞，比如： State Taxation Administration（國家稅務(wù)總局），State Administration for Market Regulation（國家市場監(jiān)管總局）等。
教育部官網(wǎng)的信息顯示，校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司的主要職責是：
承擔面向中小學生（含幼兒園兒童）的校外教育培訓(xùn)管理工作（responsible for regulating tutoring schools for kindergarten pupils, primary and secondary school students），指導(dǎo)校外教育培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)黨的建設(shè)（Party building at tutoring schools），擬訂校外教育培訓(xùn)規(guī)范管理政策（formulate regulatory policies for tutoring schools）。
會同有關(guān)方面擬訂校外教育培訓(xùn)（含線上線下）機構(gòu)設(shè)置、培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容、培訓(xùn)時間、人員資質(zhì)、收費監(jiān)管等相關(guān)標準和制度（set out standards for the content and duration of both online and offline training, the qualifications of tutors as well as charges）并監(jiān)督執(zhí)行，組織實施校外教育培訓(xùn)綜合治理，指導(dǎo)校外教育培訓(xùn)綜合執(zhí)法。
指導(dǎo)規(guī)范面向中小學生的社會競賽等活動（regulate competitions and contests for primary and secondary school students）。
及時反映和處理校外教育培訓(xùn)重大問題（deal with major problems related to after-school training）。

神舟十二號載人飛船 Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft
China launched the Shenzhou XII spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module of its permanent space station.The spacecraft, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket, blasted off at 9:22 am at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China.
6月17日9時22分，搭載神舟十二號載人飛船的長征二號F遙十二運載火箭，在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心點火發(fā)射。三名航天員將乘坐神舟十二號載人飛船到達我國永久空間站核心艙。神舟十二號載人飛船是我國第七次載人飛船任務(wù)。
【知識點】
在英文報道中，無人航空飛行器、衛(wèi)星、火箭等（unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets）的編號一般用阿拉伯數(shù)字，而載人飛行器（manned spacecraft）的編號一般用羅馬數(shù)字，比如，“嫦娥五號”的英文是Chang'e-5，而我國首個載人飛船“神舟五號”的英文是Shenzhou V。
我們一起來學習一下羅馬數(shù)字中常用的表達方式：
1-I，2-II，3-III，4-IV，5-V
6-VI，7-VII，8-VIII，9-IX，10-X
11-XI，12-XII，13-XIII，14-XIV，15-XV
16-XVI，17-XVII，18-XVIII，19-XIX，20-XX
50-L，60-LX，70-LXX，80-LXXX，90-XC，100-C
400-CD，500-D，1000-M
按計劃，神舟十二號飛船入軌后，將采用自主快速交會對接模式對接于天和核心艙的前向端口（conduct a fast automated rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit space station core module Tianhe），與天和核心艙、天舟二號貨運飛船形成組合體（ form a complex with Tianhe and the cargo craft Tianzhou-2）。航天員進駐核心艙（be stationed in the core module），執(zhí)行天地同步作息制度進行工作生活。駐留約三個月后，搭乘飛船返回艙返回東風著陸場（the Dongfeng Landing Site）。
根據(jù)神舟十二號載人飛行任務(wù)總體安排，三名航天員聶海勝、劉伯明和湯洪波在軌期間將主要完成四個方面的工作，計劃開展兩次出艙活動（extravehicular activities）及艙外作業(yè)（extravehicular operations）。中國載人航天工程辦公室主任助理季啟明介紹，這四項主要任務(wù)包括：
First, they will operate and manage the complex, including the in-orbit test of the Tianhe module, verification of the recycling and life support system, testing and operation training of the robotic arm, as well as management of materials and waste.
開展核心艙組合體的日常管理。包括天和核心艙在軌測試、再生生保系統(tǒng)驗證、機械臂測試與操作訓(xùn)練，以及物資與廢棄物管理等。
Second, they will move, assemble and test extravehicular spacesuits and perform two extravehicular activities for work including assembling an extravehicular toolbox, lifting the panoramic camera and installing extended pump sets.
開展出艙活動及艙外作業(yè)。包括艙外服在軌轉(zhuǎn)移、組裝、測試，進行兩次出艙活動，開展艙外工具箱的組裝、全景攝像機抬升和擴展泵組的安裝等工作。
Third, they will carry out space science experiments and technology experiments, as well as public outreach activities.
開展空間科學實驗和技術(shù)試驗，以及有關(guān)科普教育活動。
Fourth, they will manage their own health through daily life care, physical exercise, and regular monitoring and assessment of their own health status.
按計劃開展日常的生活照料、身體鍛煉，定期監(jiān)測、維持與評估自身健康狀態(tài)。
按計劃，我國空間站將于2022年前后完成建造。
2021年4月29日，我國用長征五號乙運載火箭（Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket）將天和核心艙發(fā)射進入軌道。
Based on project plans, the Tianzhou 3 cargo ship will be launched in September to dock with Tianhe and the next month, another three-crew team will fly with the Shenzhou XIII to the module to stay there for six months.
按照計劃，今年9月，將發(fā)射天舟三號貨運飛船，升空后與天和對接；10月，另外3名航天員將搭乘神舟十三號飛船抵達核心艙，并駐留6個月。
In 2022, two large space labs will be launched to connect with the core module. Moreover, two manned missions and two robotic cargo flights will be made that year to continue construction of the Tiangong station, which is scheduled to become complete and start formal operation around the end of 2022.
2022年，將發(fā)射兩個大型太空實驗室，與核心艙對接。之后還將發(fā)射兩次載人任務(wù)和兩次貨運飛船任務(wù)，繼續(xù)推進天宮空間站的建設(shè)。到2022年底，空間站有望完成組裝，開始正式運行。

飯圈 fans group
一段時間以來，“飯圈”粉絲群體在網(wǎng)上互撕謾罵、應(yīng)援打榜、造謠攻擊等問題屢見不鮮，破壞清朗網(wǎng)絡(luò)生態(tài)，對未成年人身心健康造成不利影響，人民群眾反映強烈。
The Cyberspace Administration of China kicked off a two-month nationwide campaign this month to purify the online environment after it found that some netizens had lured youngsters to spend large amounts of money on stars, flaunt their wealth or become involved in mudslinging exchanges with fans of rival performers.
因網(wǎng)絡(luò)上誘導(dǎo)未成年人應(yīng)援集資、攀比炫富、侮辱誹謗等問題突出，中央網(wǎng)信辦決定本月起在全國范圍內(nèi)開展為期2個月的“清朗·‘飯圈’亂象整治”專項行動。
【知識點】
“飯圈”是粉絲圈子的簡稱，指粉絲群體（fans group），這里的“飯”=“粉絲”，由英文單詞fans音譯而來。
這里的mudsling指“Make malicious or scandalous allegations about an opponent with the aim of damaging their reputation”，即“惡意指責或誹謗對手，以達到破壞其名譽的目的”，相當于中文里的“抹黑、誹謗”等意思，跟slander、smear意思相近。
此次行動重點打擊以下5類“飯圈”亂象行為：
Luring youngsters to spend large amounts of money supporting and voting for their idols in order to boost their popularity;
一是誘導(dǎo)未成年人應(yīng)援集資、高額消費、投票打榜等行為；
Trolling, slandering, mudslinging, cyber hunting, and other forms of privacy infringement;
二是“飯圈”粉絲互撕謾罵、拉踩引戰(zhàn)、造謠攻擊、人肉搜索、侵犯隱私等行為；
Inciting fans to flaunt wealth or indulge in luxury;
三是鼓動“飯圈”粉絲攀比炫富、奢靡享樂等行為；
Organizing fans, hiring paid posters or manipulating multiple social media acounts to slander or support stars by posting or deleting online comments;
四是以號召粉絲、雇用網(wǎng)絡(luò)水軍、“養(yǎng)號”形式刷量控評等行為；
Influencing public opinions through newsjacking or hyping, disturbing public communications.
五是通過“蹭熱點”、制造話題等形式干擾輿論，影響傳播秩序行為。
行動開始以來，騰訊、抖音、豆瓣、新浪微博等多個平臺均發(fā)布公告，開始清理各類亂象。
Sina Weibo, a Twitter-like platform, has banned netizens from using words such as gossip or onlooker in their nicknames when registering web accounts and has also increased supervision of posts involving entertainment idols.
新浪微博禁止用戶在昵稱中使用“八組”、“瓜組”等字眼，同時加強對娛樂圈偶像相關(guān)帖文的管理。
Statistics provided by the platform showed that more than 3,700 pieces of information involving arguments between followers of different celebrities were eliminated from June 4 to 11, and 13 accounts were prohibited from posting for 30 days due to improper behavior.
新浪微博提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，6月4日至11日，該平臺共刪除3700余條粉絲互撕謾罵的帖文，13個賬號因違規(guī)行為被禁言30天。
Douban, a popular site that features reviews of movies and television series, said its major focus is combating those who lure youngsters to raise money to support idols.
主打影視劇評論的豆瓣平臺表示，清理行動主要整治誘導(dǎo)青少年集資應(yīng)援的行為。
中央網(wǎng)信辦有關(guān)負責人表示，專項行動將強化明星經(jīng)紀公司、粉絲團規(guī)范管理，在引導(dǎo)青少年理性追星（follow celebrities in a rational manner）上協(xié)同發(fā)力，探索形成規(guī)范“飯圈”管理的長效工作機制（a long-term mechanism to regulate the activities of fans groups），推動“飯圈”文化實現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展，共同營造文明健康的網(wǎng)上精神家園。

建黨百年紀念幣 commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
中國人民銀行定于6月21日起陸續(xù)發(fā)行中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀念幣一套（a set of commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China）。
The set has 9 coins, including three in gold, five in silver, and one copper-alloy coin, and all the commemorative coins are the nation's legal tenders, according to the People's Bank of China.
中國人民銀行介紹，該套紀念幣共9枚，其中金質(zhì)紀念幣3枚，銀質(zhì)紀念幣5枚，雙色銅合金紀念幣1枚，均為中華人民共和國法定貨幣。
【知識點】
“紀念幣”用英文commemorative coins 表示，是一個國家為紀念國際或本國的政治、歷史、文化等方面的重大事件、杰出人物、 名勝古跡、珍稀動植物、體育賽事等而發(fā)行的紀念硬幣，一般為精制，限量發(fā)行。Commemorative表示“紀念性的”，如紀念柱（commemorative column）、紀念郵票（commemorative stamp）、紀念封（commemorative cover）等。
中國人民銀行于1991年、2011年分別發(fā)行了中國共產(chǎn)黨成立70周年、中國共產(chǎn)黨成立90周年普通紀念幣。中國人民銀行副行長范一飛介紹：
The special commemorative coins are designed for the centenary of the CPC, with the highest specification and the largest number of various types in a set, compared with previously issued coins of similar commemorative themes.
與前兩次同題材紀念幣發(fā)行相比，中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀念幣的規(guī)格最高、品種最多。
【詞匯講解】
Centenary讀作[sen'ten?ri]，可以用作形容詞或名詞表示“the hundredth anniversary of a significant event”（某個重大事件一百周年紀念），比如時政報道中經(jīng)常提到的“兩個一百年”奮斗目標就是Two Centenary Goals，具體來說就是在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100年時全面建成小康社會（complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC），在新中國成立100年時把我國建成富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國（develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the PRC）。
此套紀念幣緊密圍繞中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年慶?；顒舆@一主題，既有深沉厚重的歷史積淀，又有喜慶熱烈的節(jié)日氛圍。
據(jù)介紹，紀念幣圖案既有代表中國共產(chǎn)黨成立的上海中共一大會址（the site of the first CPC National Congress in Shanghai）、浙江嘉興南湖紅船（the red boat on Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang），又有中國天眼（FAST）、高鐵（high-speed railways）等具有代表性的國家最新成就和象征未來發(fā)展的元素，還有展現(xiàn)百年光輝歷程的群雕、漆壁畫等。
中國工商銀行、中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、中國銀行、中國建設(shè)銀行、交通銀行、華夏銀行、浦發(fā)銀行、中國郵政儲蓄銀行將共同承擔中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年雙色銅合金紀念幣的預(yù)約兌換工作。
預(yù)約承辦銀行將于8月31日至9月4日同時辦理兩批次的預(yù)約業(yè)務(wù)。公眾可通過預(yù)約承辦銀行官方網(wǎng)站等線上渠道或到網(wǎng)點進行預(yù)約登記。

航天食品 space food
6月17日18時48分，航天員聶海勝、劉伯明、湯洪波先后進入天和核心艙，標志著中國人首次進入自己的空間站。在空間站駐留3個月期間，航天員們都吃什么呢？
There are more than 120 kinds of food and beverages inside the core module, named Tianhe, or Harmony of Heavens. These carefully selected food and beverages are nutritionally balanced, taste good and can be kept for a long time.
天和核心艙有120多種食品和飲品。這些食物都是精心挑選的，營養(yǎng)均衡、美味可口、保存期限長。
【知識點】
雖然“太空食堂”的食品種類多，但每種都是嚴格按照航天食品（space food）標準條件研制生產(chǎn)的。
首先，航天食品要求營養(yǎng)豐富且均衡（nutritionally balanced）。
第二，要求“一口吃”（in bite size）。最好是固態(tài)、無骨、小塊且全部可食的（in small solid cubes and boneless），不能有殘渣（no crumbs），不能留下太多難以處理的餐余垃圾（no food residue）。
第三，必須盡量保證航天員的食欲（have a good appetite）。
中國載人航天工程航天員系統(tǒng)總設(shè)計師黃偉芬介紹：
The food and beverages have been divided into weekly breakfast, lunch and supper menus, and the menus were made based on personal flavor preferences gathered through a survey before the astronauts set out on their mission.
核心艙的食物按周列入早餐、午餐及晚餐菜單，這些菜單是根據(jù)航天員出發(fā)之前的個人口味調(diào)查安排的。
Sources with knowledge of the survey said that astronauts in the Shenzhou XII mission and crews for the next three spaceflights were invited to taste hundreds of specially prepared foods and beverages and then score them.
調(diào)查相關(guān)人員表示，神舟十二及后續(xù)三次飛行任務(wù)的航天員受邀對數(shù)百種特制食物進行品嘗并打分。
According to the survey, most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan-style spicy food. In addition, compared with sweet-and-sour sauces, spicy sauces are always the first to be used up, the sources said.
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，大部分中國航天員喜歡吃辣味川菜，酸甜醬和辣醬中，辣醬通常是最先吃完的。

碳排放交易 carbon emission trading
6月22日，上海環(huán)境能源交易所發(fā)布的《關(guān)于全國碳排放權(quán)交易相關(guān)事項的公告》明確，全國碳排放權(quán)交易機構(gòu)負責組織開展全國碳排放權(quán)集中統(tǒng)一交易。
The Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange will be responsible for opening accounts and the operation of the national carbon emission trading system, according to the announcement.
公告指出，上海環(huán)境能源交易所將承擔全國碳排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)賬戶開立和運行維護等具體工作。
【知識點】
碳排放交易（carbon emission trading），是指《京都議定書(the Kyoto Protocol)》為促進全球溫室氣體減排（reduce greenhouse gas emissions），以國際公法作為依據(jù)的溫室氣體排放減量交易。這種交易以每噸二氧化碳當量為計算單位，所以通稱為“碳交易（carbon exchange）”，其交易市場稱為碳市（carbon market）。
建立這種機制的目的在于減少碳排放（carbon emissions），降低能耗（energy consumption）以及碳濃度（carbon intensity）。碳交易機制遵循的是“總量控制和交易原則”（cap-and-trade rules），各地依照其空氣質(zhì)量改善目標為企業(yè)配給排放權(quán)額度（carbon emission quota），并規(guī)范其逐年應(yīng)削減的排放量比例、達成的目標年等，企業(yè)取得排放權(quán)額度后，便可根據(jù)自身減排情況購買或出售配額。
交易方式
Based on Chinese emissions allowances, a standard set by the State Council in late 2017, the national carbon trading system allows trading modes including listing trading by agreement, bulk trading by agreement and one-way bidding.
根據(jù)國務(wù)院2017年底設(shè)定的中國碳排放權(quán)配額標準，全國碳排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)可以采取掛牌協(xié)議交易、大宗協(xié)議交易或單向競價等交易方式。
掛牌協(xié)議交易漲跌幅為10%
The transaction price for listing trading will be able to fluctuate by a maximum of 10 percent according to the closing price on the previous trading day, with the minimum declaration amount for bulk trading set at 100,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide and the fluctuation range of the transaction price set at 30 percent.
掛牌協(xié)議交易的成交價格在上一個交易日收盤價的±10%之間確定。對于大宗協(xié)議交易，單筆買賣最小申報數(shù)量應(yīng)當不小于10萬噸二氧化碳當量。大宗協(xié)議交易的成交價格在上一個交易日收盤價的±30％之間確定。
Market entities applying for one-way bidding can purchase emission allowances from counterparts, with the bidding information released by the exchange.
申請單向競買的市場主體可向其他市場主體購買碳排放配額，競買信息由交易機構(gòu)發(fā)布。

火星車 Mars rover
6月27日，國家航天局發(fā)布我國天問一號火星探測任務(wù)著陸和巡視探測系列實拍影像。
The clips recorded the Tianwen 1's landing rover deploying its parachute and descending to the Martian surface, and its Mars rover Zhurong driving away from its landing platform and moving over the surface of Mars.
視頻片段記錄了天問一號著陸巡視器開傘和下降過程、祝融號火星車駛離著陸平臺及火星表面移動過程。
【知識點】
2020年4月24日，國家航天局公布：中國行星探測任務(wù)（planetary exploration missions）被命名為“天問（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探測任務(wù)（first Mars exploration mission）被命名為“天問一號”，后續(xù)行星任務(wù)依次編號?！疤靻枴眮碜灾袊鴤ゴ笤娙饲拈L詩《天問》?！疤靻枴边@個名字表達了中華民族對于真理追求的堅韌與執(zhí)著（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），體現(xiàn)了對自然和宇宙空間探索的文化傳承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。
The ambient sound during the process of Zhurong's rolling onto the Martian surface was also published, enabling people to hear the first sounds transmitted from the Chinese robot.
祝融號踏上火星表面全過程的現(xiàn)場聲音也同時發(fā)布，讓人們能夠聽到中國火星車首次傳回地球的聲音。
The images include the Martian landscape and the ruts left behind by the rover.
影像包括火星全局環(huán)境感知圖像、火星車車轍圖像等。
2021年4月24日，國家航天局正式公布我國首輛火星車命名為“祝融”，全稱“祝融號”。
Zhurong is the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. Literally, Zhu (meaning wish) expresses the good wishes for humankind's exploration of the universe. Rong (meaning integration and cooperation) reflects China's vision of the peaceful use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
祝融是中國上古神話中的火神?！白！?，表達了對人類踏進星辰大海的美好祝愿，“融”，體現(xiàn)融合、協(xié)作，表達中國人和平利用太空、增進人類福祉的格局和愿景。
Fire brought warmth and brightness to the ancestors of humankind, and fire lit up human civilization. The naming is intended to represent the rover's symbolic task to ignite the hope of China's inter-planetary exploration, encourage humanity's relentless adventure into the immense universe, and urge mankind to keep pursuing self-transcendence
火的應(yīng)用促進了人類文明的發(fā)展，驅(qū)散黑暗、帶來溫暖。將首輛火星車命名為祝融號，寓意點燃我國行星際探測的火種，指引人類對浩瀚星空、宇宙未知的接續(xù)探索和自我超越。
With an expected life span of three months, the 240-kilogram Zhurong is tasked with surveying Mars' landforms, geological structures, soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice, and atmospheric and environmental characteristics, as well as magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties.
祝融號火星車重240公斤，設(shè)計壽命3個月，任務(wù)是研究火星形貌與地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征、火星表面土壤特征與水冰分布、火星大氣電離層及表面氣候與環(huán)境特征、火星物理場與內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)等。
As of the morning of June 27, the orbiter around Mars for 338 days, and its Earth-Mars distance is approximately 360 million km. The Mars rover Zhurong has been working on Mars for 42 Martian days and has driven a total of 236 meters.of the Tianwen-1 mission has been operating

截至6月27日早晨，天問一號環(huán)繞器在軌運行338天，地火距離3.6億千米，祝融號火星車已在火星表面工作42個火星日，累計行駛236米。
【知識點】
火星日（Martian day）平均為 24 小時 39 分 35.244 秒，或 1.027 地球日?；鹦枪D(zhuǎn)周期（the revolution period of Mars）為 1.88 地球年，687 地球日，或 668.6 火星日。
Zhurong will continue its movement, detection, and scientific exploration missions as planned.
后續(xù)，火星車將繼續(xù)按計劃開展移動、感知、科學探測。
The orbiter will continue to operate in a relay orbit, providing relay communication for the rover's scientific exploration while conducting its own scientific detection operations.
環(huán)繞器繼續(xù)運行在中繼軌道，為火星車巡視探測提供中繼通信，并開展環(huán)繞探測。

七一勛章 July 1 Medal
慶祝中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年“七一勛章”頒授儀式于6月29日上午10時在人民大會堂隆重舉行。
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, presented the July 1 Medal to 29 outstanding CPC members.
中共中央總書記習近平為29名“七一勛章”獲得者頒授勛章。
The July 1 Medal, established by the CPC Central Committee, is the highest honor in the Party.
“七一勛章”由中共中央設(shè)立，是黨內(nèi)最高榮譽。
“七一勛章”是以樸素、莊重為主要設(shè)計理念，以紅色、金色、白色為主色調(diào)（with red, gold and white as its main colors），使用冷壓成型、花絲鑲嵌、彩絲織錦等工藝制作。章體采用黨徽（the Party emblem）、五角星（the five-pointed star）、旗幟（flags）、豐碑與光芒、向日葵（sunflowers）、大山大河（mountains and rivers）、如意祥云等元素。
“七一勛章”使用織物綬帶（ attached to a fabric ribbon），采用向日葵、光芒、星光等元素（elements such as sunflowers, rays of light and starlight）。寓意在黨的陽光沐浴下，勛章獲得者一心向黨，全心全意為人民服務(wù)，不忘初心、牢記使命、砥礪前行。
The recipients included teachers, soldiers, community workers and professionals in the arts and science.
“七一勛章”獲得者有教師、士兵、社區(qū)工作者以及文藝和科技領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員。
習近平總書記在頒授儀式上發(fā)表重要講話，以下為雙語要點：
- The CPC has written a splendid chapter in the history of the Chinese nation's development and that of humanity's progress over the past century.
一百年來，我們黨在中華民族發(fā)展史和人類社會進步史上寫下了壯麗篇章。
- Generations of Chinese Communists have fought tenaciously for national independence and liberation, for prosperity and strength of the country, and for the happiness of the people.
一代又一代中國共產(chǎn)黨人，為贏得民族獨立和人民解放、實現(xiàn)國家富強和人民幸福，前仆后繼、浴血奮戰(zhàn)。
今天受到表彰的“七一勛章”獲得者，就是各條戰(zhàn)線黨員中的杰出代表。在他們身上，生動體現(xiàn)了中國共產(chǎn)黨人堅定信念、踐行宗旨、拼搏奉獻、廉潔奉公的高尚品質(zhì)和崇高精神。
Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the Chinese Communists' quality and spirit of maintaining staunch faith, which is to stay true to the original aspiration and dedicate everything, even the precious life, to the cause of the Party and people.
——堅定信念，就是堅持不忘初心、不移其志，為黨和人民事業(yè)奉獻自己的一切乃至寶貴生命。
- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fundamental tenet of Chinese Communists, which is putting the people at the very center of their hearts, and wholeheartedly serving the people.
——踐行宗旨，就是心中裝著人民，工作為了人民，一心一意為百姓造福。
- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fighting and dedication spirit of Chinese Communists, who make dedicating themselves to the Party and the country and fulfilling their duties a lifelong pursuit.
——拼搏奉獻，就是把許黨報國、履職盡責作為人生目標。
- The July 1 Medal recipients embody the Chinese Communists' integrity and devotion. Such quality and spirit represent the glorious CPC traditions of hard work and plain living, as well as putting public interests above personal interests.
——廉潔奉公，就是保持共產(chǎn)黨人艱苦樸素、公而忘私的光榮傳統(tǒng)。
- July 1 Medal recipients are heroes coming from and deeply rooted in the people. The recipients are ordinary heroes that fulfill their duties and make quiet contributions. Their deeds can be followed and their spirit can be pursued.
“七一勛章”獲得者都來自人民、植根人民，是立足本職、默默奉獻的平凡英雄。他們的事跡可學可做，他們的精神可追可及。
- CPC members and officials should boldly advance toward the second centenary goal of fully building a modern socialist country, as well as the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
廣大黨員、干部不懈奮斗，永遠奮斗，在全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程上，向著第二個百年奮斗目標、向著中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢奮勇前進！

高校學生資助熱線電話 hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs
6月29日，教育部開通2021年高校學生資助熱線電話（hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs），電話號碼為010-66097980、010-66096590。
This marks the 17th year in a row that the Ministry of Education has opened such hotlines for inquiries and complaints regarding the country's financial-aid policies for college students.
今年是教育部連續(xù)第17年開通高校學生資助熱線電話，受理高校學生國家資助政策的咨詢和有關(guān)投訴建議。
【知識點】
目前，國家已經(jīng)建立了覆蓋各教育階段、各級各類學校、所有家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生的資助政策體系（a financial assistance system covering all students from disadvantaged backgrounds at all levels of education）。在高等教育階段，國家獎學金（national scholarship）、國家勵志獎學金（national endeavor scholarship）、國家助學金（national grant）、國家助學貸款（national student loans）、新生入學資助（tuition assistance for freshmen）、勤工助學（part-time jobs for students）、學費減免（tuition reduction or exemption）、補償代償、“綠色通道”等多種資助方式并舉，確保高校家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生順利入學并完成學業(yè)。
教育部表示，為了更好服務(wù)家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生和家長，熱線電話受理時間將延長。
In addition to daily operations from 8 am to 8 pm during the summer vacation, as in previous years, this year will see extended hotline operations on working days throughout the year starting from Sept 16, the ministry said.
今年熱線電話除在暑期集中受理外，從9月16日起將在每個工作日常年開通。
Education authorities and universities across the country are also required to open hotlines to provide information on financial aid.
各地教育管理部門以及高校均應(yīng)開通熱線電話提供資助信息。
教育部特別提醒學生和家長：
Scammers normally search for targets around school opening days. The ministry urged students to stay vigilant against frauds of any kind and get information on financial aid from education authorities and colleges in order to avoid losses.
開學前后是詐騙高發(fā)期，一定要通過教育部門和高校等正式渠道咨詢學生資助政策，提高警惕，謹防詐騙，避免造成經(jīng)濟損失。