The Real Right Law of the People’s Republic of China has been adopted at the 5th session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 16, 2007. It is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of October 1, 2007.

President of the People’s Republic of China

Hu Jintao

March 16, 2007

目　錄

Contents

第一編總則

Part I General Rules

第一章基本原則

Chapter I Basic Principles

第二章物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅

Chapter II Creation, Alternation, Alienation and Termination of Real Right

第一節(jié) 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記

Section 1 Reality Registration

第二節(jié) 動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付

Section 2 Chattel Delivery

第三節(jié) 其他規(guī)定

Section 3 Other Rules

第三章物權(quán)的保護(hù)

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

第二編所有權(quán)

Part II Ownership

第四章一般規(guī)定

Chapter IV General Rules

第五章國家所有權(quán)和集體所有權(quán)、私人所有權(quán)

Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

第六章業(yè)主的建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)

Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

第七章相鄰關(guān)系

Chapter VII Neighboring Relationship

第八章共有

Chapter VIII Common Ownership

第九章所有權(quán)取得的特別規(guī)定

Chapter IX Special Rules on Acquiring Ownership

第三編用益物權(quán)

Part III Usufructuary Rights

第十章一般規(guī)定

Chapter X General Rules

第十一章土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)

Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第十二章建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)

Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第十三章宅基地使用權(quán)

Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第十四章地役權(quán)

Chapter XIV Easement

第四編擔(dān)保物權(quán)

Part IV Real Rights for Security

第十五章一般規(guī)定

Chapter XV General Rules

第十六章抵押權(quán)

Chapter XVI Mortgage Right

第一節(jié) 一般抵押權(quán)

Section 1 General Mortgage Right

第二節(jié) 最高額抵押權(quán)

Section 2 Mortgage Right at Maximum Amount

第十七章質(zhì)權(quán)

Chapter XVII Pledge Right

第一節(jié) 動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)

Section 1 Chattel Pledge

第二節(jié) 權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)

Section 2 Right Pledge

第十八章留置權(quán)

Chapter XVIII Lien

第五編占有

Part V Possession

第十九章占有

Chapter XIX Possession

附則

Supplementary Rules

第一編總則

Part I General Rules

第一章基本原則

Chapter I Basic Principles

第一條為了維護(hù)國家基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，維護(hù)社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，明確物的歸屬，發(fā)揮物的效用，保護(hù)權(quán)利人的物權(quán)，根據(jù)憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 In accordance with the Constitution Law, the present Law is enacted with a view to maintaining the basic economic system of the state, protecting the socialist market economic order, clearly defining the attribution of the res, bringing into play the utilities of the res and safeguarding the real right of the right holder.

第二條因物的歸屬和利用而產(chǎn)生的民事關(guān)系，適用本法。

Article 2 The civil relationships incurred from the attribution and utilization of the res shall be governed by the present Law.

本法所稱物，包括不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。法律規(guī)定權(quán)利作為物權(quán)客體的，依照其規(guī)定。

The term “res” as mentioned in the present Law means realties and chattels. Where it is prescribed in any provision that certain right shall be taken as an object of real right, such provision shall be applicable.

本法所稱物權(quán)，是指權(quán)利人依法對(duì)特定的物享有直接支配和排他的權(quán)利，包括所有權(quán)、用益物權(quán)和擔(dān)保物權(quán)。

The term “real right” as mentioned in the present Law means the exclusive right of direct control over a specific res enjoyed by the holder in accordance with law, including ownership, usufractuary right and real rights for security.

第三條國家在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段，堅(jiān)持公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。

Article 3 In the primary phase of socialism, the state adheres to the basic economic system with the public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side.

國家鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

The public economy shall be consolidated and developed by the state, and the development of the nonpublic economy shall be encouraged, supported and guided.

國家實(shí)行社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)，保障一切市場主體的平等法律地位和發(fā)展權(quán)利。

The socialist market economy system shall be practiced by the state as well as the equal legal status and development rights of all market subjects shall be protected.

第四條國家、集體、私人的物權(quán)和其他權(quán)利人的物權(quán)受法律保護(hù)，任何單位和個(gè)人不得侵犯。

Article 4 The real right of the state, collective, individual or any other right holder shall be protected by law, and may not be damaged by any entity or individual.

第五條物權(quán)的種類和內(nèi)容，由法律規(guī)定。

Article 5 The varieties and contents of real rights shall be prescribed by law.

第六條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定登記。動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定交付。

Article 6 The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty shall be subject to registration in accordance with law. The creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall be delivered in accordance with law.

第七條物權(quán)的取得和行使，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律，尊重社會(huì)公德，不得損害公共利益和他人合法權(quán)益。

Article 7 One shall, when acquiring or exercising a real right, comply with the law, respect social morals and may not infringe upon the public interests or the lawful rights and interests of any other person.

第八條其他相關(guān)法律對(duì)物權(quán)另有特別規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

Article 8 In case there exists any other special provision in respect of real right in any other law, such special provision shall prevail.

第二章物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅

Chapter II Creation, Alteration, Alienation and Termination of Real Right

第一節(jié) 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記

Section 1 Reality Registration

第九條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，經(jīng)依法登記，發(fā)生效力；未經(jīng)登記，不發(fā)生效力，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

Article 9 Until it is registered in accordance with law, the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty shall come into effect; unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, it shall have no effect if it is not registered in accordance with law.

依法屬于國家所有的自然資源，所有權(quán)可以不登記。

As regards the ownership of the natural resources owned by the state in accordance with law, the registration is not required.

第十條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記，由不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地的登記機(jī)構(gòu)辦理。

Article 10 The registration of a realty shall be handled by the registration organ at the locality of the realty.

國家對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)實(shí)行統(tǒng)一登記制度。統(tǒng)一登記的范圍、登記機(jī)構(gòu)和登記辦法，由法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定。

A uniform registration system over realties shall be practiced by the state. The scope, organ and measures of uniform registration shall be specified by the related laws and administrative regulations.

第十一條當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)登記，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不同登記事項(xiàng)提供權(quán)屬證明和不動(dòng)產(chǎn)界址、面積等必要材料。

Article 11 In light of the different registration items, an applicant shall, when applying for the registration of a realty, provide the ownership certificate of the realty and such necessary materials as the [] and area of the realty.

第十二條登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)履行下列職責(zé)：

Article 12 A registration organ shall perform the duties as follows:

（一）查驗(yàn)申請(qǐng)人提供的權(quán)屬證明和其他必要材料；

(1) to examine the ownership certificate and other necessary materials as provided by the applicant;

（二）就有關(guān)登記事項(xiàng)詢問申請(qǐng)人；

(2) to inquire the applicant about the registration items concerned;

（三）如實(shí)、及時(shí)登記有關(guān)事項(xiàng)；

(3) to register the related items in accordance with the facts and in a timely manner; and

（四）法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他職責(zé)。

(4) other duties as provided for in any law or administrative regulation.

申請(qǐng)登記的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的有關(guān)情況需要進(jìn)一步證明的，登記機(jī)構(gòu)可以要求申請(qǐng)人補(bǔ)充材料，必要時(shí)可以實(shí)地查看。

In case the related situation of the realty under application for registration needs further proving, the registration organ may request the applicant to provide supplementary materials and conduct on-the-spot inspection where necessary.

第十三條登記機(jī)構(gòu)不得有下列行為：

Article 13 No registration organ may commit any of the behaviors as follows:

（一）要求對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估；

(1) to ask for an evaluation of a realty;

（二）以年檢等名義進(jìn)行重復(fù)登記；

(2) to repeatedly register registration in the name of annual inspection; or

（三）超出登記職責(zé)范圍的其他行為。

(3) other behaviors conducted beyond its scope of registration duties.

第十四條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，依照法律規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)怯浀?，自記載于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 14 As regards the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty, it shall go into effect since the date when it is recorded in the realty register in case the registration thereof is required by law.

第十五條當(dāng)事人之間訂立有關(guān)設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的合同，除法律另有規(guī)定或者合同另有約定外，自合同成立時(shí)生效；未辦理物權(quán)登記的，不影響合同效力。

Article 15 As regards a contract entered into by the related parties concerned on the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty, it shall go into effect upon the conclusion of the contract, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law; and the validity of the contract is not affected, whether the real right has been registered or not.

第十六條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿是物權(quán)歸屬和內(nèi)容的根據(jù)。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿由登記機(jī)構(gòu)管理。

Article 16 The realty register shall be the basis for deciding the ownership and contents of a realty and shall be under the management of the registration organ.

第十七條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬證書是權(quán)利人享有該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的證明。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬證書記載的事項(xiàng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)與不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿一致；記載不一致的，除有證據(jù)證明不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿確有錯(cuò)誤外，以不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿為準(zhǔn)。

Article 17 The realty ownership certificate shall be the evidence for the holder’s ownership of a realty. The items recorded in the realty ownership certificate shall accord with those recorded in the realty register; unless it is proved that there is anything wrong in the realty register, the one recorded therein shall prevail in the case of any inconsistence.

第十八條權(quán)利人、利害關(guān)系人可以申請(qǐng)查詢、復(fù)制登記資料，登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)提供。

Article 18 Any right holder or interested party may file an application for consulting or copying the registration materials, and the registration organ may not reject.

第十九條權(quán)利人、利害關(guān)系人認(rèn)為不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的事項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的，可以申請(qǐng)更正登記。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權(quán)利人書面同意更正或者有證據(jù)證明登記確有錯(cuò)誤的，登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)予以更正。

Article 19 In case any right holder or interested party holds that there is anything wrong in any item recorded in the realty register, it/he may apply for a correction of the registration. The registration organ shall revise the registration accordingly, in case the holder recorded in the realty register agrees to revise the registration in written form or there is evidence to prove that the registration is wrong.

不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權(quán)利人不同意更正的，利害關(guān)系人可以申請(qǐng)異議登記。登記機(jī)構(gòu)予以異議登記的，申請(qǐng)人在異議登記之日起十五日內(nèi)不起訴，異議登記失效。異議登記不當(dāng)，造成權(quán)利人損害的，權(quán)利人可以向申請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)求損害賠償。

The interested party may apply for dissidence registration, in case the holder recorded in the realty register does not agree to the alteration. Where the registration organ grants the dissidence registration but the applicant fails to lodge an action within 15 days as of the date of dissidence registration, the dissidence registration shall lose its effect. In case the dissidence registration is improper and bring into damages to the right holder, the holder may require the applicant to compensate for damages.

第二十條當(dāng)事人簽訂買賣房屋或者其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的協(xié)議，為保障將來實(shí)現(xiàn)物權(quán)，按照約定可以向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)預(yù)告登記。預(yù)告登記后，未經(jīng)預(yù)告登記的權(quán)利人同意，處分該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。

Article 20 In case the related parties entered into a purchase agreement on a premise or the real right of any other realty, they may apply for advance notice registration to the registration organ so as to ensure the realization of the real right in the future. Without the consent of the holder in the advance notice registration, any disposal of the realty, after the advance notice registration, may not produce effect of real right.

預(yù)告登記后，債權(quán)消滅或者自能夠進(jìn)行不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記之日起三個(gè)月內(nèi)未申請(qǐng)登記的，預(yù)告登記失效。

In case the obligee’s right is terminated after the advance notice registration is made, or the application for the registration of the realty is not filed within 3 months as of the date when it can be registered, the advance notice registration shall lose its effect.

第二十一條當(dāng)事人提供虛假材料申請(qǐng)登記，給他人造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

Article 21 In case any related party provides false materials for applying for registration and causes damages to any other person, it/he shall assume the liability for compensation.

因登記錯(cuò)誤，給他人造成損害的，登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。登記機(jī)構(gòu)賠償后，可以向造成登記錯(cuò)誤的人追償。

In case any registration organ causes damages to any other person by virtue of any mistake in registration, it shall assume the liability for compensation. The registration organ may, after making the compensation, recover the amount from the person who causes the registration mistake.

第二十二條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記費(fèi)按件收取，不得按照不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的面積、體積或者價(jià)款的比例收取。具體收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由國務(wù)院有關(guān)部門會(huì)同價(jià)格主管部門規(guī)定。

Article 22 Realty registration fees shall be charged on each piece, and may not be charged on the basis of the size, volume or certain proportion of the realty’s value. The concrete charging rates shall be formulated by the related departments in the State Council in collaboration with the competent pricing department.

第二節(jié) 動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付

Section 2 Chattel Delivery

第二十三條動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓，自交付時(shí)發(fā)生效力，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

Article 23 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall come into effect upon delivery.

第二十四條船舶、航空器和機(jī)動(dòng)車等物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，未經(jīng)登記，不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。

Article 24 The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of any vessel, aircraft or motor vehicle and so on may not challenge any bona fide third party if it is not registered.

第二十五條動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓前，權(quán)利人已經(jīng)依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，物權(quán)自法律行為生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 25 In case the right holder has legally possessed the chattel prior to the establishment or alienation of a chattel’s real right, the real right shall come into effect upon the effectiveness of the legal act.

第二十六條動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓前，第三人依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，負(fù)有交付義務(wù)的人可以通過轉(zhuǎn)讓請(qǐng)求第三人返還原物的權(quán)利代替交付。

Article 26 In case a third party has legally possessed the chattel prior to the establishment or alienation of a chattel’s real right, the person assuming the obligation of delivery may, instead of delivery, alien the right to request the third party to return the original object.

第二十七條動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)，雙方又約定由出讓人繼續(xù)占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，物權(quán)自該約定生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 27 In case both parties agree to let the alienator continuously possess the chattel when the real right of a chattel is alienated, the real right shall go into effect upon the effectiveness of the agreement.

第三節(jié) 其他規(guī)定

Section 3 Other Rules

第二十八條因人民法院、仲裁委員會(huì)的法律文書或者人民政府的征收決定等，導(dǎo)致物權(quán)設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，自法律文書或者人民政府的征收決定等生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 28 In case the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of a real right is resulted from a legal document of the people’s court or arbitration committee or a requisition decision of the people’s government, etc, the real right shall come into effect upon the effectiveness of the legal document or the requisition decision of the people’s government.

第二十九條因繼承或者受遺贈(zèng)取得物權(quán)的，自繼承或者受遺贈(zèng)開始時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 29 In case real right is acquired through inheritance or bequest, it shall go into effect as of the beginning time of the inheritance or bequest.

第三十條因合法建造、拆除房屋等事實(shí)行為設(shè)立或者消滅物權(quán)的，自事實(shí)行為成就時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 30 In case a real right is created or terminated as a result of such factual behaviors as the legal construction or premise demolition, it shall come into effect upon the accomplishment of the factual behavior.

第三十一條依照本法第二十八條至第三十條規(guī)定享有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的，處分該物權(quán)時(shí)，依照法律規(guī)定需要辦理登記的，未經(jīng)登記，不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。

Article 31 As regards a real right of realty enjoyed according to the provisions of Articles 28 through 30 of the present Law, any disposal thereof may not produce effect of real right until it is registered as required by law.

第三章物權(quán)的保護(hù)

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

第三十二條物權(quán)受到侵害的，權(quán)利人可以通過和解、調(diào)解、仲裁、訴訟等途徑解決。

Article 32 Where a real right is damaged, the right holder may settle the problem by means of conciliation, mediation or arbitration, etc.

第三十三條因物權(quán)的歸屬、內(nèi)容發(fā)生爭議的，利害關(guān)系人可以請(qǐng)求確認(rèn)權(quán)利。

Article 33 Where any dispute over the ownership or content of real right arises, the interested parties may require the confirmation of the right.

第三十四條無權(quán)占有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求返還原物。

Article 34 Where a realty or chattel is under an unauthorized possession, the right holder may require the returning of the original object.

第三十五條妨害物權(quán)或者可能妨害物權(quán)的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求排除妨害或者消除危險(xiǎn)。

Article 35 In case a real right is under obstruction or may be obstructed, the right holder may require the removing of the impediment or the termination of the danger.

第三十六條造成不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)毀損的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求修理、重作、更換或者恢復(fù)原狀。

Article 36 In case a realty or chattel is damaged, the right holder may require the repairing, remaking, changing or the restoration of the original state.

第三十七條侵害物權(quán)，造成權(quán)利人損害的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求損害賠償，也可以請(qǐng)求承擔(dān)其他民事責(zé)任。

Article 37 In case the infringement upon a real right causes losses to the right holder, the right holder may require the compensation for the losses or the assuming of any other civil liability.

第三十八條本章規(guī)定的物權(quán)保護(hù)方式，可以單獨(dú)適用，也可以根據(jù)權(quán)利被侵害的情形合并適用。

Article 38 The ways for protecting real right as prescribed in the present Law may apply either independently or jointly in light of the specific situation of an injury of real right.

侵害物權(quán)，除承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任外，違反行政管理規(guī)定的，依法承擔(dān)行政責(zé)任；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

In addition to assuming civil liabilities, any entity or individual infringing upon a real right shall assume the administrative liabilities where it/he violates any provision on administrative regulation; in case any crime is established, it/he shall assume the criminal liabilities.

第二編所有權(quán)

Part II Ownership

第四章一般規(guī)定

Chapter IV General Rules

第三十九條所有權(quán)人對(duì)自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

Article 39 The owner of a realty or chattel is entitled to possess, utilize, seek profits from and dispose of the realty or chattel in accordance with law.

第四十條所有權(quán)人有權(quán)在自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)上設(shè)立用益物權(quán)和擔(dān)保物權(quán)。用益物權(quán)人、擔(dān)保物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利，不得損害所有權(quán)人的權(quán)益。

Article 40 The owner of a realty or chattel is entitled to establish a usufructuary right or real right for security over the realty or chattel. The holder of usufructuary right or the holder of real right for security may, when exercising the right, not injure the owner ‘s rights and interests.

第四十一條法律規(guī)定專屬于國家所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，任何單位和個(gè)人不能取得所有權(quán)。

Article 41 As regards a realty or chattel that is exclusively owned by the state as prescribed by law, its ownership may not be acquired by any entity or individual.

第四十二條為了公共利益的需要，依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序可以征收集體所有的土地和單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)。

Article 42 In order to meet the demands of public interests, it is allowed to requisition lands owned collectively, premises owned by entities and individuals or other realties according to the statutory power limit and procedures.

征收集體所有的土地，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法足額支付土地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)、安置補(bǔ)助費(fèi)、地上附著物和青苗的補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用，安排被征地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障費(fèi)用，保障被征地農(nóng)民的生活，維護(hù)被征地農(nóng)民的合法權(quán)益。

When requisitioning land owned collectively, it is required to, in accordance with law and in full amount, pay land compensation fees, placement subsidies, compensations for the above-ground fixtures of the lands and seedlings and other fees, arrange for social security fees for the farmers with land requisitioned, guarantee their livelihood and protect their lawful rights and interests.

征收單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法給予拆遷補(bǔ)償，維護(hù)被征收人的合法權(quán)益；征收個(gè)人住宅的，還應(yīng)當(dāng)保障被征收人的居住條件。

When requisitioning the premises owned by entities and individuals or other realties, it is required to compensate for demolishment and re[] in accordance with law and protect the lawful rights and interests of the owners of the requisitioned realties; when requisitioning the individuals’ residential houses, it is required to guarantee the housing conditions of the owners of the requisitioned houses.

任何單位和個(gè)人不得貪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用。

The compensation fees for requisition and other fees may not be embezzled, misappropriated, privately shared, detained or delayed in the payment of by any entity or individual.

第四十三條國家對(duì)耕地實(shí)行特殊保護(hù)，嚴(yán)格限制農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)為建設(shè)用地，控制建設(shè)用地總量。不得違反法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序征收集體所有的土地。

Article 43 Special protections are provided by the state for farm lands, the conversion of farm lands into construction lands is strictly restricted and the aggregate quantity of construction lands is under control. No one may requisition any land owned collectively with violation of the statutory power limit and procedures.

第四十四條因搶險(xiǎn)、救災(zāi)等緊急需要，依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序可以征用單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)。被征用的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)使用后，應(yīng)當(dāng)返還被征用人。單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征用或者征用后毀損、滅失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予補(bǔ)償。

Article 44 For meeting needs of emergent dangers or disasters, it is allowed for one to use the realties or chattels owned by entities and individuals according to the statutory power limit and procedures. Such realties or chattels shall, after the emergent use, be returned to the owners. In case any realty or chattel owned by any entity or individual is used or damaged or lost after being used, corresponding compensation shall be made.

第五章國家所有權(quán)和集體所有權(quán)、私人所有權(quán)

Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

第四十五條法律規(guī)定屬于國家所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)，屬于國家所有即全民所有。

Article 45 As regards the properties that shall be owned by the state as provided for by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state, that is, owned by all the people.

國有財(cái)產(chǎn)由國務(wù)院代表國家行使所有權(quán)；法律另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

The State Council shall exercise the ownership of state-owned properties on behalf of the state; in case there is any otherwise provision in any law, such provision shall prevail.

第四十六條礦藏、水流、海域?qū)儆趪宜小?/span>

Article 46 Mineral deposits, waters and sea areas shall be in the ownership of the state.

第四十七條城市的土地，屬于國家所有。法律規(guī)定屬于國家所有的農(nóng)村和城市郊區(qū)的土地，屬于國家所有。

Article 47 Urban lands shall be in the ownership of the state. As regards lands in the rural areas and suburban areas that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第四十八條森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等自然資源，屬于國家所有，但法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的除外。

Article 48 Such natural resources as forests, mountains, grasslands, waste lands and tidal flats shall be in the ownership of the state, except for those that shall be in the ownership of collective as provided for by law.

第四十九條法律規(guī)定屬于國家所有的野生動(dòng)植物資源，屬于國家所有。

Article 49 As regards the wildlife resources that shall be owned by the state as provisioned by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十條無線電頻譜資源屬于國家所有。

Article 50 Radio frequency spectrum resources shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十一條法律規(guī)定屬于國家所有的文物，屬于國家所有。

Article 51 As regards the cultural relics that shall be owned by the state as provisioned by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十二條國防資產(chǎn)屬于國家所有。

Article 52 National defense assets shall be in the ownership of the state.

鐵路、公路、電力設(shè)施、電信設(shè)施和油氣管道等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，依照法律規(guī)定為國家所有的，屬于國家所有。

As regards such infrastructures as railways, highways, electric power facilities, telecommunication facilities, and petrol and gas pipelines that shall be owned by the state as provisioned by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十三條國家機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定處分的權(quán)利。

Article 53 State organs have the power, in accordance with the laws and the relevant provisions of the State Council, to possess, utilize and dispose of any realty or chattel directly controlled by them.

第五十四條國家舉辦的事業(yè)單位對(duì)其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定收益、處分的權(quán)利。

Article 54 The public institutions held by the state have the power to possess, utilize, as well as, according to the laws and the relevant provisions of the State Council, seek profits from and dispose of any realty or chattel directly controlled by them.

第五十五條國家出資的企業(yè)，由國務(wù)院、地方人民政府依照法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定分別代表國家履行出資人職責(zé)，享有出資人權(quán)益。

Article 55 As regards the enterprises set up with the funds invested in by the state, the State Council and the local people’s governments shall perform and enjoy the contributor’s duties as well as rights and interests on behalf of the state in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第五十六條國家所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù)，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、截留、破壞。

Article 56 The state-owned properties shall be protected by law, and no entity or individual may encroach, plunder, privately distribute, hold back or damage them.

第五十七條履行國有財(cái)產(chǎn)管理、監(jiān)督職責(zé)的機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法加強(qiáng)對(duì)國有財(cái)產(chǎn)的管理、監(jiān)督，促進(jìn)國有財(cái)產(chǎn)保值增值，防止國有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失；濫用職權(quán)，玩忽職守，造成國有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。

Article 57 The institutions and working personnel thereof in charge of performing the duties of managing and supervising state-owned assets shall, according to law, strengthen the management and supervision of state-owned assets so as to promote the value maintenance and appreciation prevent the losses thereof; in case any entity or individual causes any loss of state-owned assets by misusing authority or neglecting duty, it/he shall assume legal liabilities in accordance with law.

違反國有財(cái)產(chǎn)管理規(guī)定，在企業(yè)改制、合并分立、關(guān)聯(lián)交易等過程中，低價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)讓、合謀私分、擅自擔(dān)保或者以其他方式造成國有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。

In case any entity or individual, in the process of enterprise restructuring, merger, division or affiliated transactions, causes losses of state-owned assets by way of transferring at a low price, conspiring to distribute them secretly, providing guarantee with them without authorization or any other way with violation of the provisions on the management of state-owned assets, it/he shall assume legal liabilities in accordance with law.

第五十八條集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)包括：

Article 58 The collectively-owned realties and chattels shall contain:

（一）法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂；

(1) Lands, forests, mountains, grasslands, wastelands and tidal flats that shall be in the ownership of collective as provided for by law;

（二）集體所有的建筑物、生產(chǎn)設(shè)施、農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施；

(2) Buildings, production facilities, farmland, and water conservancy facilities that are in the ownership of collective;

（三）集體所有的教育、科學(xué)、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等設(shè)施；

(3) Facilities for education, science, culture, sanitation and sports, etc that are in the ownership of collective;

（四）集體所有的其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。

(4) Other realties and chattels that are in the ownership of collective.

第五十九條農(nóng)民集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，屬于本集體成員集體所有。

Article 59 The realties and chattels that are in the ownership of a farmers’ collective shall be collectively owned by all the members of this collective.

下列事項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法定程序經(jīng)本集體成員決定：

The following issues shall be determined by the members of the collective according to the statutory procedures:

（一）土地承包方案以及將土地發(fā)包給本集體以外的單位或者個(gè)人承包；

(1) land contracting plan and whether to contract out a land to an entity or individual not included in the collective;

（二）個(gè)別土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人之間承包地的調(diào)整；

(2) adjustment of the contracted lands among the right holders of the contracted management of land;

（三）土地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用的使用、分配辦法；

(3) methods for using and distributing such fees as land compensation fees;

（四）集體出資的企業(yè)的所有權(quán)變動(dòng)等事項(xiàng)；

(4) the alteration of ownership or any other related issue of an enterprise set up with the funds invested in by the collective; and

（五）法律規(guī)定的其他事項(xiàng)。

(5) other issues provided for by any law.

第六十條對(duì)于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等，依照下列規(guī)定行使所有權(quán)：

Article 60 As regards any collectively-owned land, forest, mountain, grassland, wasteland or tidal flat, the ownership thereof shall be exercised according to the provisions as follows:

（一）屬于村農(nóng)民集體所有的，由村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會(huì)代表集體行使所有權(quán)；

(1) In case it is owned by a farmers’ collective of a village, a collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee of the village shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective;

（二）分別屬于村內(nèi)兩個(gè)以上農(nóng)民集體所有的，由村內(nèi)各該集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民小組代表集體行使所有權(quán)；

(2) In case it is owned by two farmers’ collectives or more, all the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups of the village shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective; and

（三）屬于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)民集體所有的，由鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織代表集體行使所有權(quán)。

(3) In case it is owned by a farmers’ collective of a town, a collective economic organization of the town shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective.

第六十一條城鎮(zhèn)集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定由本集體享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

Article 61 As regards any realty or chattel owned by an urban collective, this urban collective has the rights to possess, use, seek profits from and dispose of it according to the related laws and administrative regulations.

第六十二條集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會(huì)、村民小組應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程、村規(guī)民約向本集體成員公布集體財(cái)產(chǎn)的狀況。

Article 62 The collective economic organization, villager’s committee or villagers’ group shall, in accordance with the relevant laws, administrative regulations, articles of association and village regulations and villagers’ pledges, publicize the situation of the properties owned by a collective to the members of the collective.

第六十三條集體所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù)，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、破壞。

Article 63 Collectively-owned properties shall be protected by law, and any entity or individual may not encroach, plunder, privately distribute, hold back or destroy them.

集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、村民委員會(huì)或者其負(fù)責(zé)人作出的決定侵害集體成員合法權(quán)益的，受侵害的集體成員可以請(qǐng)求人民法院予以撤銷。

Where the legitimate rights and interests of any member of the collective are infringed upon by any decision made by a collective economic organization, villagers’ committee or the principle thereof, such member may require the people’s court to cancel the decision.

第六十四條私人對(duì)其合法的收入、房屋、生活用品、生產(chǎn)工具、原材料等不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有所有權(quán)。

Article 64 An individual has the right to own his legal income, premise, household goods, production instruments, raw materials as well as other realties and chattels.

第六十五條私人合法的儲(chǔ)蓄、投資及其收益受法律保護(hù)。

Article 65 The legal savings, investments and the proceeds therefrom of an individual shall be protected by law.

國家依照法律規(guī)定保護(hù)私人的繼承權(quán)及其他合法權(quán)益。

An individual’s right of inheritance as well as other legal rights and interests shall be protected by the state in accordance with law.

第六十六條私人的合法財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù)，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、破壞。

Article 66 An individual’s legal properties shall be protected by law, any entity or individual may not encroach, plunder or destroy them.

第六十七條國家、集體和私人依法可以出資設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司或者其他企業(yè)。國家、集體和私人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，投到企業(yè)的，由出資人按照約定或者出資比例享有資產(chǎn)收益、重大決策以及選擇經(jīng)營管理者等權(quán)利并履行義務(wù)。

Article 67 The state, any collective or individual may invest to set up a limited liability company, a company limited by shares or any other form of enterprise. In case the state, a collective or an individual invest the realties or chattels it owns in an enterprise, the contributor shall, in accordance with the agreement or on the basis of his proportion of investment, enjoy rights such as obtaining asset returns, making important decisions and selecting operators and managers and perform their duties.

第六十八條企業(yè)法人對(duì)其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

Article 68 In accordance with the laws, administrative regulations and its articles of association, An enterprise legal person is entitled to possess, utilize, seek profits from and dispose of any realty or chattel it owns.

企業(yè)法人以外的法人，對(duì)其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利，適用有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程的規(guī)定。

As regards the rights over the realties and chattels owned by a legal person other than an enterprise legal person, the provisions of the related laws, administrative regulations and its articles of associations shall apply.

第六十九條社會(huì)團(tuán)體依法所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，受法律保護(hù)。

Article 69 The realties and chattels owned by social organizations in accordance with law shall be protected by law.

第六章業(yè)主的建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)

Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

第七十條業(yè)主對(duì)建筑物內(nèi)的住宅、經(jīng)營性用房等專有部分享有所有權(quán)，對(duì)專有部分以外的共有部分享有共有和共同管理的權(quán)利。

Article 70 As regards such exclusive parts within the buildings as the residential houses or the houses used for business purposes, an owner shall enjoy the ownership thereof, while as regards the common parts other than the exclusive parts, the owner shall have common ownership and the common management right thereof.

第七十一條業(yè)主對(duì)其建筑物專有部分享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。業(yè)主行使權(quán)利不得危及建筑物的安全，不得損害其他業(yè)主的合法權(quán)益。

Article 71 An owner is entitled to possess utilize, seek profits from and dispose of the exclusive parts of the building. Any owner may not endanger the safety of the building or infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of any other owner when exercising his or its rights.

第七十二條業(yè)主對(duì)建筑物專有部分以外的共有部分，享有權(quán)利，承擔(dān)義務(wù)；不得以放棄權(quán)利不履行義務(wù)。

Article 72 An owner enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations over the common parts other than the exclusive parts of the building, and may not reject performing the obligations under the pretext of abandoning rights.

業(yè)主轉(zhuǎn)讓建筑物內(nèi)的住宅、經(jīng)營性用房，其對(duì)共有部分享有的共有和共同管理的權(quán)利一并轉(zhuǎn)讓。

In case an owner alienates his residential house or the house used for business purposes within the building, the common ownership and the common management right enjoyed by him/her over the common parts shall be alienated at the same time.

第七十三條建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的道路，屬于業(yè)主共有，但屬于城鎮(zhèn)公共道路的除外。建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的綠地，屬于業(yè)主共有，但屬于城鎮(zhèn)公共綠地或者明示屬于個(gè)人的除外。建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的其他公共場所、公用設(shè)施和物業(yè)服務(wù)用房，屬于業(yè)主共有。

Article 73 The roads within the building zone, except for the public roads of cities and towns, shall be commonly owned by the owners. The green lands within the building area, except for the public green lands of cities and towns or those which are definitely ascribed to individuals, shall be commonly owned by all the owners. The other public places, common facilities and houses used for realty services within the building zone shall be commonly owned by all the owners.

第七十四條建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)，規(guī)劃用于停放汽車的車位、車庫應(yīng)當(dāng)首先滿足業(yè)主的需要。

Article 74 The parking places and garages within the building area planned for parking cars shall be used to meet the needs of the owners above all else.

建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)，規(guī)劃用于停放汽車的車位、車庫的歸屬，由當(dāng)事人通過出售、附贈(zèng)或者出租等方式約定。

The ownership of the parking places and garages shall be agreed upon by the related parties in the manners of selling, complementary using or leasing, etc.

占用業(yè)主共有的道路或者其他場地用于停放汽車的車位，屬于業(yè)主共有。

The parking places, which occupy the roads or other fields commonly owned by all owners, shall be in the common ownership of all the owners.

第七十五條業(yè)主可以設(shè)立業(yè)主大會(huì)，選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì)。

Article 75 The owners may set up an owners’ assembly and vote for an owners’ committee.

地方人民政府有關(guān)部門應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)設(shè)立業(yè)主大會(huì)和選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì)給予指導(dǎo)和協(xié)助。

For the establishment of the owners’ assembly and the vote of the owners’ committee, the related departments under the local people’s governments shall provide guidance and assistance.

第七十六條下列事項(xiàng)由業(yè)主共同決定：

Article 76 The following matters shall be commonly determined by all owners:

（一）制定和修改業(yè)主大會(huì)議事規(guī)則；

(1) to formulate and revise the rules of procedure for the owners’ assembly;

（二）制定和修改建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的管理規(guī)約；

(2) to formulate and revise the stipulations on managing the building and affiliated facilities thereof;

（三）選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì)或者更換業(yè)主委員會(huì)成員；

(3) to vote for the owners’ committee or alter the members thereof t;

（四）選聘和解聘物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人；

(4) to hire or fire the realty service enterprise or any other manager;

（五）籌集和使用建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的維修資金；

(5) to raise or use the funds for maintaining the building and affiliated facilities thereof;

（六）改建、重建建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施；

(6) to rebuild the building or any of its affiliated facilities;

（七）有關(guān)共有和共同管理權(quán)利的其他重大事項(xiàng)。

(7) other important matters on the common ownership and the common management right.

決定前款第五項(xiàng)和第六項(xiàng)規(guī)定的事項(xiàng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)專有部分占建筑物總面積三分之二以上的業(yè)主且占總?cè)藬?shù)三分之二以上的業(yè)主同意。決定前款其他事項(xiàng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)專有部分占建筑物總面積過半數(shù)的業(yè)主且占總?cè)藬?shù)過半數(shù)的業(yè)主同意。

For making a decision on matters prescribed in Item (5) or (6) of the preceding paragraph, the consent of the 2/3 or more of the total owners with exclusive parts accounting for 2/3 or more of the total area of the building shall be obtained. For making a decision on any other issue prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the consent of half of the total owners with exclusive parts accounting for half of the total area of the building shall be obtained.

第七十七條業(yè)主不得違反法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約，將住宅改變?yōu)榻?jīng)營性用房。業(yè)主將住宅改變?yōu)榻?jīng)營性用房的，除遵守法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約外，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)有利害關(guān)系的業(yè)主同意。

Article 77 Any owner may not alter a residential house into a house used for business purposes with violation of any law, regulation or management stipulation. An owner shall, when changing a residential house into a house used for business purposes, obtain the consent of the interested owners, in addition to complying with the laws, regulations and management stipulations.

第七十八條業(yè)主大會(huì)或者業(yè)主委員會(huì)的決定，對(duì)業(yè)主具有約束力。

Article 78 Decisions made by the owners’ assembly or the owners’ committee are binding to each owner.

業(yè)主大會(huì)或者業(yè)主委員會(huì)作出的決定侵害業(yè)主合法權(quán)益的，受侵害的業(yè)主可以請(qǐng)求人民法院予以撤銷。

In case the legitimate rights and interests of any owner has been injured by any decision made by the owners’ assembly or the owners’ committee, the injured owner may require the people’s court to cancel the decision.

第七十九條建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的維修資金，屬于業(yè)主共有。經(jīng)業(yè)主共同決定，可以用于電梯、水箱等共有部分的維修。維修資金的籌集、使用情況應(yīng)當(dāng)公布。

Article 79 The funds for maintaining a building and affiliated facilities thereof shall be commonly owned by the owners of the building. The funds may, upon the codetermination of the owners, be used for maintaining such common parts as elevators and water tanks. The circumstance about the raise and use of the maintenance funds shall be released to the owners.

第八十條建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的費(fèi)用分?jǐn)偂⑹找娣峙涞仁马?xiàng)，有約定的，按照約定；沒有約定或者約定不明確的，按照業(yè)主專有部分占建筑物總面積的比例確定。

Article 80 As regards such matters as the expenses al[] and the proceeds distribution of a building or any of its affiliated facilities, in case there exists any stipulation for these, such stipulation shall apply; in the case of no stipulation or unclear stipulation, these matters shall be determined in accordance with the proportion of each owner’s exclusive parts to the total area of the building.

第八十一條業(yè)主可以自行管理建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施，也可以委托物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人管理。

Article 81 The owners of a building may manage the building and affiliated facilities thereof by themselves or they may entrust a realty service enterprise or any other manager to conduct the management.

對(duì)建設(shè)單位聘請(qǐng)的物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人，業(yè)主有權(quán)依法更換。

As regards the realty service enterprise or any other manager hired by the construction entity, the owners are entitled to alter it in accordance with law.

第八十二條物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人根據(jù)業(yè)主的委托管理建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施，并接受業(yè)主的監(jiān)督。

Article 82 The realty service enterprise or any other manager shall, upon the strength of the owners’ entrustment, manage the building and affiliated facilities thereof within the building area and accept the owners’ supervision.

第八十三條業(yè)主應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約。

Article 83 The owners shall comply with the laws, regulations and management stipulations.

業(yè)主大會(huì)和業(yè)主委員會(huì)，對(duì)任意棄置垃圾、排放污染物或者噪聲、違反規(guī)定飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物、違章搭建、侵占通道、拒付物業(yè)費(fèi)等損害他人合法權(quán)益的行為，有權(quán)依照法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約，要求行為人停止侵害、消除危險(xiǎn)、排除妨害、賠償損失。業(yè)主對(duì)侵害自己合法權(quán)益的行為，可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟。

As regards any act infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of other persons, such as discarding wastes at will, discharging atmospheric pollutants and noise, breeding animals with violation of the related regulations, illegally building shelters, occupying passages or rejecting paying realty management fees, etc, the owners’ assembly and the owners’ committee have the right, in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and management stipulations, to request the actor to stop the infringing act, terminate the danger, remove the impediments and make compensation for the losses. Where any owner’s legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon, he/she may lodge an action to the people’s court in accordance with law.

第七章相鄰關(guān)系

Chapter VII Neighboring Relationship

第八十四條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的相鄰權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照有利生產(chǎn)、方便生活、團(tuán)結(jié)互助、公平合理的原則，正確處理相鄰關(guān)系。

Article 84 A neighboring right holder of a realty shall, in accordance with the principles of facilitating production and livelihood, solidarity and mutual aid, as well as fairness and equity, handle the neighboring relationship in a correct manner.

第八十五條法律、法規(guī)對(duì)處理相鄰關(guān)系有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定；法律、法規(guī)沒有規(guī)定的，可以按照當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣。

Article 85 In case there exists any legal provision on the disposal of neighboring relationship, such provision shall apply; in the case of no such provision,, the neighboring relationship shall be disposed of in light of the local customs.

第八十六條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)為相鄰權(quán)利人用水、排水提供必要的便利。

Article 86 The holder of a realty shall provide necessary convenience for the neighboring right holders in terms of the use of water and drainage.

對(duì)自然流水的利用，應(yīng)當(dāng)在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的相鄰權(quán)利人之間合理分配。對(duì)自然流水的排放，應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重自然流向。

As regards the utilization of natural running water, the neighboring right holders of a realty shall rationally distribute it. The natural current direction shall be respected when draining natural running water.

第八十七條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人對(duì)相鄰權(quán)利人因通行等必須利用其土地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提供必要的便利。

Article 87 Necessary conveniences shall be provided by the right holder of a realty where a neighboring right holder has to use his land by virtue of passage or for any other reason.

第八十八條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人因建造、修繕建筑物以及鋪設(shè)電線、電纜、水管、暖氣和燃?xì)夤芫€等必須利用相鄰?fù)恋?、建筑物的，該土地、建筑物的?quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)提供必要的便利。

Article 88 In case the right holder of a realty has to use a neighboring land or building by virtue of the construction or repairing of a building, or the laying of wires, cables, water pipes, heating pipelines or fuel gas pipelines, etc, necessary convenience shall be provided by the right holder of such land or building.

第八十九條建造建筑物，不得違反國家有關(guān)工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，妨礙相鄰建筑物的通風(fēng)、采光和日照。

Article 89 When constructing a building, no entity or individual may block the ventilation, lighting or sunshine of any neighboring building with violation of the relevant engineering construction standards of the state.

第九十條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人不得違反國家規(guī)定棄置固體廢物，排放大氣污染物、水污染物、噪聲、光、電磁波輻射等有害物質(zhì)。

Article 90 No holder of realty may discard solid wastes or discharge such harmful substances as atmospheric pollutants, water pollutants, noise, light and magnetic radiation with violation of the related provisions of the state.

第九十一條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人挖掘土地、建造建筑物、鋪設(shè)管線以及安裝設(shè)備等，不得危及相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的安全。

Article 91 The right holder of the realty may not, when excavating a land, constructing a building, laying a pipeline or installing an equipment, endanger the safety of any neighboring realty.

第九十二條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人因用水、排水、通行、鋪設(shè)管線等利用相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量避免對(duì)相鄰的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人造成損害；造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。

Article 92 Where the right holder of a realty has to use a neighboring realty by virtue of using water, drainage, passage or laying pipelines, etc, he shall make more efforts to avoid causing any damage to the right holder of the neighboring realty; He shall make corresponding compensations in case any damage is caused.

第八章共有

Chapter VIII Common Ownership

第九十三條不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)可以由兩個(gè)以上單位、個(gè)人共有。共有包括按份共有和共同共有。

Article 93 A realty or chattel may be commonly owned by two or more entities or individuals. Common ownership contains several co-ownership and joint ownership.

第九十四條按份共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)按照其份額享有所有權(quán)。

Article 94 As regards a commonly owned realty or chattel, a several co-owner shall, on the basis of his proportion, enjoy the ownership of the realty or chattel.

第九十五條共同共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)共同享有所有權(quán)。

Article 95 As regards a commonly owned realty or chattel, a joint owner shall, on a common basis, enjoy the ownership of the realty or chattel.

第九十六條共有人按照約定管理共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)；沒有約定或者約定不明確的，各共有人都有管理的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

Article 96 The co-owners shall manage the commonly owned realty or chattel in accordance with stipulation; in the case of no or unclear stipulation,, all co-owners have the right and obligation of management.

第九十七條處分共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)以及對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)作重大修繕的，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)占份額三分之二以上的按份共有人或者全體共同共有人同意，但共有人之間另有約定的除外。

Article 97 As regards the disposal or heavy repair of a commonly owned realty or chattel, unless it is stipulated otherwise by the co-owners, the consent of the several co-owners holding 2/3 shares or all joint owners shall be obtained.

第九十八條對(duì)共有物的管理費(fèi)用以及其他負(fù)擔(dān)，有約定的，按照約定；沒有約定或者約定不明確的，按份共有人按照其份額負(fù)擔(dān)，共同共有人共同負(fù)擔(dān)。

Article 98 As regards the management expenses or any other liabilities of a commonly owned res, in case there exists any stipulation on these, such stipulation shall apply; in the case of no or unclear stipulation, the expenses shall be assumed by the several co-owners in accordance with their respective shares or commonly assumed by all joint owners.

第九十九條共有人約定不得分割共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，以維持共有關(guān)系的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定，但共有人有重大理由需要分割的，可以請(qǐng)求分割；沒有約定或者約定不明確的，按份共有人可以隨時(shí)請(qǐng)求分割，共同共有人在共有的基礎(chǔ)喪失或者有重大理由需要分割時(shí)可以請(qǐng)求分割。因分割對(duì)其他共有人造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。

Article 99 Where the co-owners of a commonly owned realty or chattel has stipulated that it is not allowed to partition the realty or chattel so as to maintain the relationship of common ownership, such stipulation shall apply; but where any co-owner has certain significant reasons for partitioning the realty or chattel, he may request the partition; in the case of no or unclear stipulation, a several co-owner may request the partition at any time, and a joint owner may request the partition where the basis for the common ownership disappears or he has certain significant reasons. In case any damage is caused by the partition causes to any other person, the corresponding compensation shall be made.

第一百條共有人可以協(xié)商確定分割方式。達(dá)不成協(xié)議，共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)可以分割并且不會(huì)因分割減損價(jià)值的，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)實(shí)物予以分割；難以分割或者因分割會(huì)減損價(jià)值的，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)折價(jià)或者拍賣、變賣取得的價(jià)款予以分割。

Article 100 The co-owners of a commonly owned realty or chattel may decide on through negotiation the way of partition. The real object shall be partitioned in case no agreement is achieved and the realty or chattel may be partitioned without impacting its value,;, the partition shall be executed by distributing the purchase price obtained from converting its value into money, the auction or selling off the realty or chattel in case it is difficult to partition it or its value would be affected because of the partition.

共有人分割所得的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)有瑕疵的，其他共有人應(yīng)當(dāng)分擔(dān)損失。

Where the realty or chattel, which is obtained from the partition of a commonly owned realty or chattel by a co-owner, has any flaw, the other co-owners shall assume the losses together.

第一百零一條按份共有人可以轉(zhuǎn)讓其享有的共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)份額。其他共有人在同等條件下享有優(yōu)先購買的權(quán)利。

Article 101 A several co-owner may alienate his share of the commonly owned realty or chattel. And the other several co-owners have the preemptive right for purchase on an equal footing.

第一百零二條因共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的債權(quán)債務(wù)，在對(duì)外關(guān)系上，共有人享有連帶債權(quán)、承擔(dān)連帶債務(wù)，但法律另有規(guī)定或者第三人知道共有人不具有連帶債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系的除外；在共有人內(nèi)部關(guān)系上，除共有人另有約定外，按份共有人按照份額享有債權(quán)、承擔(dān)債務(wù)，共同共有人共同享有債權(quán)、承擔(dān)債務(wù)。償還債務(wù)超過自己應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)份額的按份共有人，有權(quán)向其他共有人追償。

Article 102 As regards an obligee’s right or a debt generated from a commonly owned realty or chattel, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law or the third party is aware of the fact that the co-owner does not have the relationship of joint and several creditor’s right or debt, a co-owner shall enjoy joint and several creditor’s right or undertake joint and several debt in terms of external relationship. In terms of the internal relationship among the co-owners, unless it is otherwise stipulated by the co-owners, a co-owner shall enjoy the creditor’s right or undertake the debt on the basis of his own share, while joint owners shall enjoy the creditor’s right or undertake the debt on a common basis. In case any several co-owner overpays his share of the debt, he/she has the right to recover the overpaid amount from the other co-owners.

第一百零三條共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)沒有約定為按份共有或者共同共有，或者約定不明確的，除共有人具有家庭關(guān)系等外，視為按份共有。

Article 103 In case the co-owners does not stipulate whether the commonly owned realty or chattel is under several co-ownership or joint ownership, or if the stipulation is unclear, unless there is a family relationship among the co-owners, it shall be considered as a several co-ownership.

第一百零四條按份共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有的份額，沒有約定或者約定不明確的，按照出資額確定；不能確定出資額的，視為等額享有。

Article 104 A several co-owner’s share of a commonly owned realty or chattel shall be decided on according to his contribution amount in the case of no or unclear stipulation; each several co-owner shall enjoy an equal share where it is impossible to determine the contribution amount.

第一百零五條兩個(gè)以上單位、個(gè)人共同享有用益物權(quán)、擔(dān)保物權(quán)的，參照本章規(guī)定。

Article 105 In case two or more entities or individuals commonly own the usufractuary right or real right for security of a realty or chattel, the provisions in this Chapter shall be applicable by reference.

第九章所有權(quán)取得的特別規(guī)定

Chapter IX Special Provisions on Acquiring Ownership

第一百零六條無處分權(quán)人將不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給受讓人的，所有權(quán)人有權(quán)追回；除法律另有規(guī)定外，符合下列情形的，受讓人取得該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)：

Article 106 In case a person unauthorized to dispose a realty or chattel alienates the realty or chattel to an assignee, the owner is entitled to recover the realty or chattel. The assignee shall obtain the ownership of the realty or chattel if meeting all of the following conditions, unless it is otherwise prescribed by law:

（一）受讓人受讓該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)時(shí)是善意的；

(1) to accept the realty or chattel in good faith;

（二）以合理的價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)讓；

(2) to purchase the realty or chattel at a reasonable price; and

（三）轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)怯浀囊呀?jīng)登記，不需要登記的已經(jīng)交付給受讓人。

(3) in case registration is required by law, the alienated realty or chattel shall have been registered, while in case registration is not required, the delivery thereof shall have been accomplished.

受讓人依照前款規(guī)定取得不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)的，原所有權(quán)人有權(quán)向無處分權(quán)人請(qǐng)求賠償損失。

In case, according to the preceding paragraph, an assignee obtains the ownership of a realty or chattel, the original owner may require the person unauthorized to dispose of the realty or chattel to compensate for his losses.

當(dāng)事人善意取得其他物權(quán)的，參照前兩款規(guī)定。

In case a related party obtains any other form of real right in good faith, the preceding two paragraphs shall apply by reference.

第一百零七條所有權(quán)人或者其他權(quán)利人有權(quán)追回遺失物。該遺失物通過轉(zhuǎn)讓被他人占有的，權(quán)利人有權(quán)向無處分權(quán)人請(qǐng)求損害賠償，或者自知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道受讓人之日起二年內(nèi)向受讓人請(qǐng)求返還原物，但受讓人通過拍賣或者向具有經(jīng)營資格的經(jīng)營者購得該遺失物的，權(quán)利人請(qǐng)求返還原物時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)支付受讓人所付的費(fèi)用。權(quán)利人向受讓人支付所付費(fèi)用后，有權(quán)向無處分權(quán)人追償。

Article 107 The owner or any other holder has the right to recover a lost property. In case the lost property is possessed by any other person through alienation, the owner has the right to require the person unauthorized to dispose of the property to compensate for damages, or, ask the assignee to return the original property within 2 years as of the date when he knows who is the assignee. But in case the assignee purchases the lost property through auction or from a qualified operator, the holder shall, when requiring the returning of the original property, pay the assignee the amount that the assignee has paid for purchasing the property. After paying the amount, the owner has the right to recover the amount from the person unauthorized to dispose of the property.

第一百零八條善意受讓人取得動(dòng)產(chǎn)后，該動(dòng)產(chǎn)上的原有權(quán)利消滅，但善意受讓人在受讓時(shí)知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道該權(quán)利的除外。

Article 108 After a bona fide assignee obtains a realty, the original rights on the realty shall be terminated, unless the bona fide assignee has already been or ought to be aware of the right when the transfer is made.

第一百零九條拾得遺失物，應(yīng)當(dāng)返還權(quán)利人。拾得人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知權(quán)利人領(lǐng)取，或者送交公安等有關(guān)部門。

Article 109 A lost-and-found object shall be returned to the right holder. The person finding such object shall inform the right holder to claim the object or hand it over to such related departments as the public security department in time.

第一百一十條有關(guān)部門收到遺失物，知道權(quán)利人的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知其領(lǐng)?。徊恢赖模瑧?yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)發(fā)布招領(lǐng)公告。

Article 110 After receiving a lost-and-found object, the related department shall notify the right holder to claim the object in a timely manner in case it knows who is the right holder; it shall publish an announcement on the claiming of the lost property in a timely manner in case it does not know.

第一百一十一條拾得人在遺失物送交有關(guān)部門前，有關(guān)部門在遺失物被領(lǐng)取前，應(yīng)當(dāng)妥善保管遺失物。因故意或者重大過失致使遺失物毀損、滅失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

Article 111 The person who finds the object shall properly keep it before it is handed over to the related department, and the related department also shall do so before it is claimed by the right holder. Where the object is injured or lost deliberately or for gross negligence, the personnel concerned shall assume the civil liabilities.

第一百一十二條權(quán)利人領(lǐng)取遺失物時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)向拾得人或者有關(guān)部門支付保管遺失物等支出的必要費(fèi)用。

Article 112 The right holder of the object, when obtaining a lost-and-found object, shall pay the person who finds the object or the related department such necessary expenses as the cost for safekeeping the object.

權(quán)利人懸賞尋找遺失物的，領(lǐng)取遺失物時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)按照承諾履行義務(wù)。

Where a right holder promises to offering a reward for finding the object, he shall, when claiming the object, perform the obligation of granting the reward.

拾得人侵占遺失物的，無權(quán)請(qǐng)求保管遺失物等支出的費(fèi)用，也無權(quán)請(qǐng)求權(quán)利人按照承諾履行義務(wù)。

Where the person who finds the object misappropriates the lost object, he/she shall be deprived of the right to ask for paying the expenses he/she has paid for safekeeping the object or require the holder to perform the obligation as promised.

第一百一十三條遺失物自發(fā)布招領(lǐng)公告之日起六個(gè)月內(nèi)無人認(rèn)領(lǐng)的，歸國家所有。

Article 113 In case a lost-and-found object fails to be claimed within 6 months as of the date when the claiming announcement o is published, it shall be owned by the state.

第一百一十四條拾得漂流物、發(fā)現(xiàn)埋藏物或者隱藏物的，參照拾得遺失物的有關(guān)規(guī)定。文物保護(hù)法等法律另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

Article 114 As regards the finding of a drifter or the discovery of an object buried underground or a hidden property, the relevant provisions on the finding of a lost-and-found property shall apply by analogy. Where there is any other provision in such laws as the law concerning the protection of cultural relics, such provisions shall prevail.

第一百一十五條主物轉(zhuǎn)讓的，從物隨主物轉(zhuǎn)讓，但當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外。

第三編用益物權(quán) Part III Usufructuary Right

第十章一般規(guī)定 Chapter X General Rules

第一百一十七條用益物權(quán)人對(duì)他人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利。

Article 117 As regards the realty or chattel owned by someone else, a usufructuary right holder is entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from it in accordance with law.

第一百一十八條國家所有或者國家所有由集體使用以及法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的自然資源，單位、個(gè)人依法可以占有、使用和收益。 Article 118 As regards the natural resources that are owned by the state or that are owned by the state but used by the collective as well as those that are owned by the collective as prescribed by law, an entity or individual may possess, use and seek proceeds from them.

第一百一十九條國家實(shí)行自然資源有償使用制度，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。 Article 119 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the state practices the system of paid use of natural resources.

第一百二十條用益物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律有關(guān)保護(hù)和合理開發(fā)利用資源的規(guī)定。所有權(quán)人不得干涉用益物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。 Article 120 When exercising right, a usufructuary right holder shall comply with the provisions on protecting, reasonably exploring and utilizing resources as provided for in the laws. When the usufructuary right holder exercises rights, the owner may not intervene in.

第一百二十一條因不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征收、征用致使用益物權(quán)消滅或者影響用益物權(quán)行使的，用益物權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本法第四十二條、第四十四條的規(guī)定獲得相應(yīng)補(bǔ)償。 Article 121 Where the usufructuary right is terminated or its exercise is affected for reasons of expropriation or requisition, the usufructuary right holder has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Articles 42 and 44 of the present Law.

第一百二十二條依法取得的海域使用權(quán)受法律保護(hù)。 Article 122 The lawfully obtained right to use sea areas shall be under the protection of law.

第一百二十三條依法取得的探礦權(quán)、采礦權(quán)、取水權(quán)和使用水域、灘涂從事養(yǎng)殖、捕撈的權(quán)利受法律保護(hù)。 Article 123 The mineral prospecting right, the mining right, the water intake right and the right to use water areas or tidal flats for breeding or fishery shall be under the protection of law.

第十一章土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán) Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第一百二十四條農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織實(shí)行家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制。 Article 124 Such a dual operation system, under which centralized operation and decentralized operation are combined on the basis of household contracted management, shall be practiced by any rural economic organization.

農(nóng)民集體所有和國家所有由農(nóng)民集體使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地，依法實(shí)行土地承包經(jīng)營制度。 As regards the cultivated land, wood land, grassland, and other land for agricultural uses that are owned by farmers’ collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and used by farmers’ collectives, the system of land contracted management shall be adopted.

第一百二十五條土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人依法對(duì)其承包經(jīng)營的耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利，有權(quán)從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 Article 125 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right to possess, utilize and seek proceeds from the cultivated land, wood land and grassland, etc. under the contracted management thereof, and is entitled to such agricultural production activities as the planting, forestry, stockbreeding, etc.

第一百二十六條耕地的承包期為三十年。草地的承包期為三十年至五十年。林地的承包期為三十年至七十年；特殊林木的林地承包期，經(jīng)國務(wù)院林業(yè)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)可以延長。 Article 126 The contractual term of cultivated land shall be 30 years. The contractual term of grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The contractual term of wood land shall be 30 up to 70 years. The contractual term of special forest land may, upon approval of the forestry administrative department under the State Council, be extended.

前款規(guī)定的承包期屆滿，由土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定繼續(xù)承包。 After the contractual term as referred to in the preceding paragraph expires, the holder of the right to the contracted management of land may, according to the relevant provisions of the state, contract continuously.

第一百二十七條土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)自土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立。 Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established since the contract thereon goes into effect.

縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)向土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人發(fā)放土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)證、林權(quán)證、草原使用權(quán)證，并登記造冊(cè)，確認(rèn)土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)。 The local people’s government at the country level or above shall issue a certificate of the right to the contracted management of land, a forestry right certificate or a grassland-use right certificate to the holder, register it in the brochure so as to confirm such rights.

第一百二十八條土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人依照農(nóng)村土地承包法的規(guī)定，有權(quán)將土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)采取轉(zhuǎn)包、互換、轉(zhuǎn)讓等方式流轉(zhuǎn)。流轉(zhuǎn)的期限不得超過承包期的剩余期限。未經(jīng)依法批準(zhǔn)，不得將承包地用于非農(nóng)建設(shè)。 Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right, in accordance with the provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land, to circulate his/her such right. The circulated term may not be more than the remnant term of the original contract. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural constructions without approval.

第一百二十九條土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人將土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)互換、轉(zhuǎn)讓，當(dāng)事人要求登記的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府申請(qǐng)土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)變更登記；未經(jīng)登記，不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。 Article 129 In case the right to the contracted management of land is circulated by means of exchange or transfer, where the parties concerned require for the registration of such circulation, an application for the alteration registration thereof shall be filed to the local people’s government at the county level or above. Without such registration, neither party may challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百三十條承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包人不得調(diào)整承包地。 Article 130 The contract-letting party may not readjust the contracted land within the duration of a contract.

因自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重毀損承包地等特殊情形，需要適當(dāng)調(diào)整承包的耕地和草地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律規(guī)定辦理。 In case it is necessary to readjust the cultivated land or grassland as contracted by virtue of such especial events as natural calamities that have materially injured the contracted land, a readjustment may, in accordance with the legal provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land and other related laws, be carried out.

第一百三十一條承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包人不得收回承包地。農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。 Article 131 The contract-letting party may not take back the contracted land within the term of the contract. In case there exists any otherwise provision in the law on the contracting of rural land or any other law, such provision shall prevail.

第一百三十二條承包地被征收的，土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本法第四十二條第二款的規(guī)定獲得相應(yīng)補(bǔ)償。 Article 132 In case a contracted land is expropriated, the holder of the right to the contracted management of such land has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 42 in the present Law.

第一百三十三條通過招標(biāo)、拍賣、公開協(xié)商等方式承包荒地等農(nóng)村土地，依照農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定，其土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流轉(zhuǎn)。 Article 133 As regards the barren land or other rural land that is contracted through bid invitation, auction, or open negotiation, etc, the right to the contracted management thereof may, according to the law on the contracting of rural land and other laws as well the related regulations of the State Council, be circulated by means of alienation, lease, equity contribution, or mortgage, etc.

第一百三十四條國家所有的農(nóng)用地實(shí)行承包經(jīng)營的，參照本法的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 Article 134 In case the contracted management is conducted over any state-owned rural land, the related provisions in the present Law shall apply by analogy.

第十二章建設(shè)用地使用權(quán) Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第一百三十五條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人依法對(duì)國家所有的土地享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利，有權(quán)利用該土地建造建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施。 Article 135 The holder of the right to use construction land has the right to possess, use and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and shall be entitled to the construction of buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities by making use of such land.

第一百三十六條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)可以在土地的地表、地上或者地下分別設(shè)立。新設(shè)立的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)，不得損害已設(shè)立的用益物權(quán)。 Article 136 The right to use construction land may be created separately on the surface of or above or under the land. The newly-established one may not injure the usufructuary right that has already been established.

第一百三十七條設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)，可以采取出讓或者劃撥等方式。 Article 137 The right to use construction land may be created through transfer or allotment, etc.

工業(yè)、商業(yè)、旅游、娛樂和商品住宅等經(jīng)營性用地以及同一土地有兩個(gè)以上意向用地者的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取招標(biāo)、拍賣等公開競價(jià)的方式出讓。 As regards the land used for purposes of industry, business, entertainment or commercial dwelling houses, etc. as well as the land with two or more intended users, the alienation thereof shall adopt such means as auction, bid invitation or any other public bidding method.

嚴(yán)格限制以劃撥方式設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)。采取劃撥方式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)關(guān)于土地用途的規(guī)定。 It is severely restrained to create the right to use construction land through allotment. For adopting such means, the provisions on land uses in the laws and administrative regulations shall be observed.

第一百三十八條采取招標(biāo)、拍賣、協(xié)議等出讓方式設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)出讓合同。 Article 138 In case the right to use construction land is created through auction, bid invitation, or agreement, etc., the related parties shall conclude a written contract on the transfer of such right.

建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)出讓合同一般包括下列條款： In general, a contract on transfer of the right to use construction land shall contain the items as follows:

（一）當(dāng)事人的名稱和住所； (1) name and domicile of the parties concerned;

（二）土地界址、面積等； (2) [] and acreage, etc. of the land;

（三）建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施占用的空間； (3) space to be covered by buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof;

（四）土地用途； (4) use purposes;

（五）使用期限； (5) use term;

（六）出讓金等費(fèi)用及其支付方式； (6) payment methods for allotment fees and other fees; and

（七）解決爭議的方法。 (7) dispute settlement method.

第一百三十九條設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)登記。建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)自登記時(shí)設(shè)立。登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)向建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人發(fā)放建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)證書。 Article 139 For establishing the right to use construction land, an application for registering such right shall be submitted to the registration organ. The right to use construction land shall be established as of the accomplishment of such registration. A certificate on the right to use construction land shall be issued by the registration organ to the holder of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)合理利用土地，不得改變土地用途；需要改變土地用途的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法經(jīng)有關(guān)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。 Article 140 The holder of the right to use construction land shall reasonably use the land and may not alter the use purpose. In case the purpose of land use needs to be altered, the approval of the relevant administrative department shall be obtained.

第一百四十一條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定以及合同約定支付出讓金等費(fèi)用。 Article 141 The holder of the right to use construction land shall, according to the legal provisions and the contract, pay transfer fees and other fees.

第一百四十二條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人建造的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的所有權(quán)屬于建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人，但有相反證據(jù)證明的除外。 Article 142 As regards the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities built by the holder of the right to use construction land, the holder shall enjoy the ownership thereof, unless it is otherwise proved by any contrary evidence.

第一百四十三條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人有權(quán)將建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資、贈(zèng)與或者抵押，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。 Article 143 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the holder of the right to use construction land has the right to alienate, exchange, use as equity contributions, endow or mortgage the right to use construction land.

第一百四十四條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資、贈(zèng)與或者抵押的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立相應(yīng)的合同。使用期限由當(dāng)事人約定，但不得超過建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的剩余期限。 Article 144 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the parties shall enter into a corresponding written contract. The parties concerned may make stipulations on the contractual term, but which may not exceed the remnant term as stipulated in the contract on transfer of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十五條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈(zèng)與的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)變更登記。 Article 145 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, an application for alteration registration shall be submitted to the registration organ.

第一百四十六條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈(zèng)與的，附著于該土地上的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施一并處分。 Article 146 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof on such land shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十七條建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈(zèng)與的，該建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并處分。 Article 147 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof, the right to use construction land covered by the aforesaid buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十八條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿前，因公共利益需要提前收回該土地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法第四十二條的規(guī)定對(duì)該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)給予補(bǔ)償，并退還相應(yīng)的出讓金。 Article 148 Before the term of the right to use construction land expires, where it is necessary to take back the land in advance by virtue of public interests, compensations shall, according to Article 42 of this Law, be given to the houses and other realties on such land, and corresponding land transfer fees shall be returned back.

第一百四十九條住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿的，自動(dòng)續(xù)期。 Article 149 When the term of the right to use construction land for dwelling houses expires, it shall be renewed automatically.

非住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿后的續(xù)期，依照法律規(guī)定辦理。該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的歸屬，有約定的，按照約定；沒有約定或者約定不明確的，依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理。 As regards the term of the right to use construction land not for dwelling houses, the renewing shall be subject to legal provisions. In case there exists any stipulation on the ownership of houses and other realties on the aforesaid land, such stipulation shall prevail; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, the ownership shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in the laws and administrative regulations.

第一百五十條建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)消滅的，出讓人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)辦理注銷登記。登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)收回建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)證書。 Article 150 Where the right to use construction land is terminated, the transferor shall go through deregistration formalities in time, and the certificate on the right to use construction land shall be taken back by the registration organ.

第一百五十一條集體所有的土地作為建設(shè)用地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照土地管理法等法律規(guī)定辦理。 Article 151 Where a piece of collectively-owned land is used as construction land, it shall be handled in accordance with the law on land administration and other related laws.

第十三章宅基地使用權(quán) Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第一百五十二條宅基地使用權(quán)人依法對(duì)集體所有的土地享有占有和使用的權(quán)利，有權(quán)依法利用該土地建造住宅及其附屬設(shè)施。 Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites has the right to possess and use land owned by a collective, and to construct residential houses and affiliated facilities thereof by utilizing such land.

第一百五十三條宅基地使用權(quán)的取得、行使和轉(zhuǎn)讓，適用土地管理法等法律和國家有關(guān)規(guī)定。 Article 153 For acquiring, exercising and alienating the right to use house sites, the law on land administration, other related laws and the related provisions of the state shall apply.

第一百五十四條宅基地因自然災(zāi)害等原因滅失的，宅基地使用權(quán)消滅。對(duì)失去宅基地的村民，應(yīng)當(dāng)重新分配宅基地。 Article 154 The right to use house site shall be terminated where a house site is terminated by virtue of any natural disaster, etc.. A villager losing a house site shall be allotted a house site again.

第一百五十五條已經(jīng)登記的宅基地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。 Article 155 The alteration or cancellation registration shall be made in time in the case of the alienation or termination of a registered right to use house sites.

第十四章地役權(quán) Chapter XIV Easement

第一百五十六條地役權(quán)人有權(quán)按照合同約定，利用他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，以提高自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的效益。 Article 156 An easement holder shall, according to the contract, be entitled to utilize the realty of someone else so as to enhance the efficiency of his own realty.

前款所稱他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為供役地，自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為需役地。 The term “realty of someone else” as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the servient tenement, and “one’s own realty” shall be the dominant tenement.

第一百五十七條設(shè)立地役權(quán)，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立地役權(quán)合同。 Article 157 For establishing an easement, the parties concerned shall enter into an written easement contract.

地役權(quán)合同一般包括下列條款： In general, an easement contract shall contain the items as follows:

（一）當(dāng)事人的姓名或者名稱和住所； (1) name and domicile of the related parties;

（二）供役地和需役地的位置； (2) []s of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

（三）利用目的和方法； (3) purposes of use and methods;

（四）利用期限； (4) use term;

（五）費(fèi)用及其支付方式； (5) fees and payment method; and

（六）解決爭議的方法。 (6) dispute settlement method.

第一百五十八條地役權(quán)自地役權(quán)合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立。當(dāng)事人要求登記的，可以向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)地役權(quán)登記；未經(jīng)登記，不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。 Article 158 The easement shall be established since the easement contract comes into effect. Where the related parties considers that the registration thereof is necessary, they may apply to the registration organ for easement registration; otherwise, they may not challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百五十九條供役地權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定，允許地役權(quán)人利用其土地，不得妨害地役權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。 Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall allow an easement holder to use his/its land in accordance with the contract, and may not hamper the latter from exercising the right.

第一百六十條地役權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，盡量減少對(duì)供役地權(quán)利人物權(quán)的限制。 Article 160 An easement holder shall, according to the purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, use the servient tenement, and make efforts to reduce the real right restrictions on the holder of the servient tenement.

第一百六十一條地役權(quán)的期限由當(dāng)事人約定，但不得超過土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等用益物權(quán)的剩余期限。 Article 161 The easement term shall be stipulated by the related parties, however, it can not be longer than the remnant term of such usufructuary rights as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, etc.

第一百六十二條土地所有權(quán)人享有地役權(quán)或者負(fù)擔(dān)地役權(quán)的，設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)時(shí)，該土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人、宅基地使用權(quán)人繼續(xù)享有或者負(fù)擔(dān)已設(shè)立的地役權(quán)。 Article 162 As regards the easement enjoyed or assumed by the owner of the land, where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site is created, holders of such rights the right to the contracted management of land or rights may continuously enjoy or assume such established easement.

第一百六十三條土地上已設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)等權(quán)利的，未經(jīng)用益物權(quán)人同意，土地所有權(quán)人不得設(shè)立地役權(quán)。 Article 163 Where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site, etc on the land has already been established, the land owner may, without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder, not establish any easement.

第一百六十四條地役權(quán)不得單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)讓。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等轉(zhuǎn)讓的，地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓，但合同另有約定的除外。 Article 164 The easement may not be transferred alone. Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the contract, where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, the right to use house site, etc is alienated, the easement shall be alienated at the same time.

第一百六十五條地役權(quán)不得單獨(dú)抵押。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等抵押的，在實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時(shí)，地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓。 Article 165 The easement may not be mortgaged alone. Where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use construction land, etc. is mortgaged, when such mortgage is realized, the easement shall be alienated simultaneously.

第一百六十六條需役地以及需役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的，受讓人同時(shí)享有地役權(quán)。 Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land or the right to use house site thereon are partially alienated, the transferee shall enjoy the easement simultaneously in case the easement is involved in the alienated part,.

第一百六十七條供役地以及供役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的，地役權(quán)對(duì)受讓人具有約束力。 Article 167 When the servient tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land thereon are partially alienated, the easement shall be binding on the alienatee if the easement is involved in alienated part.

第一百六十八條地役權(quán)人有下列情形之一的，供役地權(quán)利人有權(quán)解除地役權(quán)合同，地役權(quán)消滅： Article 168 The holder of the servient tenement has the right to rescind the easement contract in case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, and the easement shall be terminated:

（一）違反法律規(guī)定或者合同約定，濫用地役權(quán)； (1) to go against the legal provisions or the contract, or misuse the easement; or

（二）有償利用供役地，約定的付款期間屆滿后在合理期限內(nèi)經(jīng)兩次催告未支付費(fèi)用。 (2) as regards the paid use of servient tenement, upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment, fails to pay fees within a reasonable period for two times after being urged to do so.

第一百六十九條已經(jīng)登記的地役權(quán)變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。 Article 169 For changing, alienating or eliminating the registered easement, the alteration or cancellation registration shall be go through in a timely manner.