數(shù)字政治術(shù)語翻譯技巧

    “一國(guó)兩制”、“三個(gè)代表”、“四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化”這些帶數(shù)字的政治術(shù)語想必同學(xué)們都是耳熟能詳。數(shù)字可以簡(jiǎn)單表述出術(shù)語的內(nèi)容，翻譯的時(shí)候可不可以直接用數(shù)字來表示呢？數(shù)字的背后又有哪些內(nèi)涵呢？跟上海翻譯公司譯境翻譯一起來看看以下幾個(gè)例子吧~

　　一國(guó)兩制　One Country, Two Systems

　　“一國(guó)兩制”是中華人民共和國(guó)前任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)統(tǒng)一的目標(biāo)而創(chuàng)造的方針，是中華人民共和國(guó)政府在臺(tái)灣問題上的主要方針，也是香港、澳門兩個(gè)特別行政區(qū)所采用的制度。香港、澳門回歸以來，走上了同祖國(guó)內(nèi)地優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、共同發(fā)展的寬廣道路，“一國(guó)兩制”實(shí)踐取得舉世公認(rèn)的成功。
　　Since their return to the motherland, Hong Kong and Macao have embarked on a broad road along which they and the mainland draw on each other's strengths and pursue common development, and the success of the "one country, two systems" principle has won global recognition.“

　　"兩個(gè)一百年"奮斗目標(biāo)　Two Centenary Goals

　　在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì)，在新中國(guó)成立一百年時(shí)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。
　　The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.

　　"三個(gè)代表"重要思想　Important thought of Three Represents

　　中共十三屆四中全會(huì)（1989年6月23日至24日在北京舉行）以來，以江澤民同志為主要代表的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人，在建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的實(shí)踐中，加深了對(duì)什么是社會(huì)主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和建設(shè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨的認(rèn)識(shí)，積累了治黨治國(guó)新的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，形成了"三個(gè)代表"重要思想。即：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨必須始終代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，代表中國(guó)最廣大人民的根本利益。
　　After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CPC (held in Beijing, June 23-24, 1989), in the course of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists, with Jiang Zemin as their chief representative, acquired a deeper understanding of what socialism is and how to build it, as well as what kind of Party to build and how to build it. They also accumulated new, valuable experience in running the Party and state, which helped form the important thought of Three Represents. The essence of Three Represents is that the CPC must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.

　　"三個(gè)自信"　The "Three Areas of Confidence"

　　"三個(gè)自信"是指道路自信、理論自信、制度自信。全面深化改革開放的方向是堅(jiān)定不移走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，這是歷史的結(jié)論、人民的選擇。隨著中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義不斷發(fā)展，中國(guó)的制度必將越來越成熟，中國(guó)的道路必將越走越寬廣。中國(guó)全面深化改革，不是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)制度不好，而是要使它更好；堅(jiān)定制度自信，不是要固步自封，而是要不斷革除體制機(jī)制弊端，讓中國(guó)的制度更成熟而持久。堅(jiān)持和豐富中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，需要以巨大的理論勇氣和敏銳的理論自覺，勇于推進(jìn)實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上的理論創(chuàng)新，不斷豐富中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，毫不動(dòng)搖地堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義。
　　The "Three Areas of Confidence" refers to confidence in the path, theories and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.When comprehensively deepening reform, we should firmly keep to China's socialist path.This is the conclusion drawn from history and the choice made by our people.As Chinese socialism develops, China's system will become increasingly mature and the Chinese road will get wider and wider.China is comprehensively deepening reform not because its system is inferior, but rather to make it better.We should have complete confidence in our system, and this does not mean that we will rest on our laurels and keep the system just as it is; rather, we mean we should eliminate defects in our institutions and mechanisms in order to make our system more mature and ensure that it endures the test of time.To adhere to and enrich socialist theories with Chinese characteristics, we must be theoretically courageous and aware, be brave enough to promote theoretical innovation based on practice and remain firmly committed to Chinese socialism.

　　"三嚴(yán)三實(shí)"　"Three Stricts and Three Earnests"

　　"三嚴(yán)三實(shí)"是習(xí)近平對(duì)各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部改進(jìn)作風(fēng)提出的要求，即嚴(yán)以修身、嚴(yán)以用權(quán)、嚴(yán)以律己，謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)。
　　"Three Stricts and Three Earnests" are requirements Xi Jinping proposed for officials at all levels to improve their conduct. The requirements are to be strict in self-development, the exercise of power, and self-discipline, and to be earnest in making plans, opening up new undertakings, and upholding personal integrity.

　　“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局　Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy

　　2014年11月，習(xí)近平到福建考察調(diào)研時(shí)提出了“協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)全面建成小康社會(huì)、全面深化改革、全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)進(jìn)程”的“三個(gè)全面”。2014年12月在江蘇調(diào)研時(shí)則將“三個(gè)全面”上升到了“四個(gè)全面”。
　　全面建成小康社會(huì) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
　　全面深化改革 deepen reform;
　　全面依法治國(guó) advance the law-based governance of China;
　　全面從嚴(yán)治黨。Strengthen Party self-discipline.

　　四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化　Four modernizations

　　1964年12月21日，周恩來在第三屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第一次會(huì)議上宣布，調(diào)整國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的任務(wù)已經(jīng)基本完成。他代表中共中央提出，“在不太長(zhǎng)的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)，把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為一個(gè)具有現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、現(xiàn)代工業(yè)、現(xiàn)代國(guó)防和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的社會(huì)主義強(qiáng)國(guó)”。
　　農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，國(guó)防現(xiàn)代化，科技現(xiàn)代化
　　The modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology

　　四項(xiàng)基本原則　The Four Cardinal Principles

　　1979年3月30日，鄧小平代表中共中央在北京召開的理論工作務(wù)虛會(huì)上作了題為《堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則》的講話。鄧小平在講話中提出必須堅(jiān)持的“四項(xiàng)基本原則”。
　　第一，必須堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路；We must keep to the socialist road.
　　第二，必須堅(jiān)持無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政；We must uphold the dictatorship of the proletariat.
　　第三，必須堅(jiān)持共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；We must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party.
　　第四，必須堅(jiān)持馬列主義、毛澤東思想。We must uphold Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

　　"四風(fēng)"問題　"four forms of decadence"

　　當(dāng)前中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)作風(fēng)問題集中表現(xiàn)在形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風(fēng)這"四風(fēng)"上。這"四風(fēng)"是違背中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的性質(zhì)和宗旨的，是當(dāng)前群眾深惡痛絕、反映最強(qiáng)烈的問題，也是損害黨群干群關(guān)系的重要根源。在形式主義方面，主要是知行不一、不求實(shí)效、弄虛作假。在官僚主義方面，主要是脫離實(shí)際、脫離群眾。在享樂主義方面，主要是精神懈怠、不思進(jìn)取。在奢靡之風(fēng)方面，鋪張浪費(fèi)、驕奢淫逸、腐化墮落。
　　Currently, the CPC faces "four forms of decadence" in its ranks – formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. These run counter to the nature and mission of the CPC and generate most resentment and complaints from the public. They are also a major cause of damage to relations between the CPC and the people and between officials and the general public.Formalism refers to doing things for form's sake, separating action from knowledge, neglecting what is practical and effective, and resorting to deceit.Bureaucratism refers to departing from reality and losing touch with the people.Hedonism refers to mental laxity and resting on one's laurels.Extravagance refers to waste and a dissolute and decadent lifestyle.

　　和平共處五項(xiàng)原則　Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

　　和平共處五項(xiàng)原則于1953年底由周恩來總理在接見印度代表團(tuán)時(shí)第一次提出，是在建立各國(guó)間正常關(guān)系及進(jìn)行交流合作時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的基本原則?；ハ嘧鹬刂鳈?quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處

　　The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.