臺灣保險法翻譯模板（第一部分 中英文）

　　保險法

　　INSURANCE ACT

　　民國99 年02 月01 日修正 ( 2010.02.01 Amended )

　　目次 Contents

　　第一章總則Chapter I. General Principles

　　第一節(jié)定義及分類Section 1. Definitions and Categories

　　第二節(jié)保險利益Section 2. Insurable Interest

　　第三節(jié)保險費Section 3. Premiums

　　第四節(jié)保險人之責任Section 4. Obligations of the Insurer

　　第五節(jié)復保險Section 5. Double Insurance

　　第六節(jié)再保險Section 6. Reinsurance

　　第二章保險契約Chapter II. Insurance Contracts

　　第一節(jié)通則Section 1. General Provisions

　　第二節(jié)基本條款Section 2. Basic Provisions

　　第三節(jié)特約條款Section 3. Special Provisions

　　第三章財產(chǎn)保險Chapter III. Non-life Insurance

　　第一節(jié)火災保險Section 1. Fire Insurance

　　第二節(jié)海上保險Section 2. Marine Insurance

　　第三節(jié)陸空保險Section 3. Land and Air Insurance

　　第四節(jié)責任保險Section 4. Liability Insurance

　　第四節(jié)之一保證保險Section 4-1. Bonding Insurance

　　第五節(jié)其它財產(chǎn)保險Section 5. Other Non-life Insurance

　　第四章人身保險Chapter IV. Insurance of the Person

　　第一節(jié)人壽保險Section 1. Life Insurance

　　第二節(jié)健康保險Section 2. Health Insurance

　　第三節(jié)傷害保險Section 3. Personal Injury Insurance

　　第四節(jié)年金保險Section 4. Annuity Insurance

　　第五章保險業(yè)Chapter V. Insurance Enterprises

　　第一節(jié)通則Section 1. General Provisions

　　第二節(jié)保險公司Section 2. Insurance Companies

　　第三節(jié)保險合作社Section 3. Insurance Cooperatives

　　第四節(jié)保險業(yè)代理人、經(jīng)紀人、公證人Section 4. Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Surveyors

　　第四節(jié)之一同業(yè)公會Section 4-1. Trade associations

　　第五節(jié)罰則Section 5. Penal Provisions

　　第六章附則Chapter VI. Supplementary Provisions

　　第一章總則Chapter I. General Principles

　　第一節(jié)定義及分類Section 1. Definitions and Categories

　　第1 條本法所稱保險，謂當事人約定，一方交付保險費于他方，他方對于因不可預料，或不可抗力之事故所致之損害，負擔賠償財物之行為。根據(jù)前項所訂之契約，稱為保險契約。

　　Article 1 The term "insurance" as used in this Act means an act whereby the parties concerned agree that one party pays a premium to the other party, and the other party is liable for pecuniary indemnification for damage caused by unforeseeable events or force majeure. A contract entered into on the basis of the preceding paragraph is called an "insurance contract."

　　第2 條本法所稱保險人，指經(jīng)營保險事業(yè)之各種組織，在保險契約成立時，有保險費之請求權(quán); 在承保危險事故發(fā)生時，依其承保之責任，負擔賠償之義務。

　　Article 2 The term "insurer" as used in this Act means any of various organizations engaged in the business of insurance that has the right to claim a premium upon entering into an insurance contract and is liable for indemnification, in accordance with the contracted insurance obligations, when an insured peril occurs.

　　第3 條本法所稱要保人，指對保險標的具有保險利益，向保險人申請訂立保險契約，并負有交付保險費義務之人。

　　Article 3 The term "proposer" as used in this Act means a person having an insurable interest in the subject matter insured who applies to an insurer to enter into an insurance contract and is obligated to pay a premium.

　　第4 條本法所稱被保險人，指于保險事故發(fā)生時，遭受損害，享有賠償請求權(quán)之人;要保人亦得為被保險人。

　　Article 4 The term "insured" as used in this Act means a person who, upon incurring damage as the result of an insured peril, enjoys the right to claim indemnification. A proposer may also be the insured.

　　第5 條本法所稱受益人，指被保險人或要保人約定享有賠償請求權(quán)之人，要保人或被保險人均得為受益人。

　　Article 5 The term "beneficiary" as used in this Act means a person stipulated by the insured or the proposer as the person who enjoys the right to claim indemnification. A proposer or insured may also be a beneficiary.

　　第6 條本法所稱保險業(yè)，指依本法組織登記，以經(jīng)營保險為業(yè)之機構(gòu)。

　　Article 6 The term "insurance enterprise" as used in this Act means an entity organized and registered pursuant to this Act and engaged in insurance business.

　　第7 條本法所稱外國保險業(yè)，指依外國法律組織登記，并經(jīng)主管機關(guān)許可，在臺灣境內(nèi)經(jīng)營保險為業(yè)之機構(gòu)。

　　本法所稱保險業(yè)負責人，指依公司法或合作社法應負責之人。

　　Article 7 The term "foreign insurance enterprise" as used in this Act means an entity organized and registered pursuant to foreign law and engaged in insurance business in the Republic of China with permission from the competent authority.

　　The term "responsible person of an insurance enterprise" as used in this Act means a person who shall be held responsible in accordance with the Company Act or the Cooperative Act.

　　第8 條 本法所稱保險代理人，指根據(jù)代理契約或授權(quán)書，向保險人收取費用，并代理經(jīng)營業(yè)務之人。

　　Article 8 The term "insurance agent" as used in this Act means a person who, on the basis of a contract of agency or a letter of authorization, collects remuneration from an insurer and acts as a business agent on the insurer's behalf.

　　第8-1 條本法所稱保險業(yè)務員，指為保險業(yè)、保險經(jīng)紀人公司、保險代理人公司，從事保險招攬之人。

　　Article 8-1 The term "insurance solicitor" as used in this Act means a person who solicits insurance business on behalf of an insurance enterprise, an insurance broker company, or an insurance agent company.

　　第9 條本法所稱保險經(jīng)紀人，指基于被保險人之利益，洽訂保險契約或提供相關(guān)服務，而收取傭金或報酬之人。

　　Article 9 The term "insurance broker" as used in this Act means a person who, on the basis of the interests of the insured, negotiates an insurance contract or provides related services and collects a

　　commission or remuneration.

　　第10 條本法所稱公證人，指向保險人或被保險人收取費用，為其辦理保險標的之查勘，鑒定及估價與賠款之理算、洽商，而予證明之人。

　　Article 10 The term "surveyor" as used in this Act means a person who collects remuneration from the insurer or the insured, and on behalf of the hiring party inspects, assesses, and appraises the subject matter insured, adjusts and negotiates indemnification, and gives attestation thereof.

　　第11 條本法所定各種準備金，包括責任準備金、未滿期保費準備金、特別準備金、賠款準備金及其它經(jīng)主管機關(guān)規(guī)定之準備金。

　　Article 11 The reserve funds set out in this Act include policy reserves, unearned premium reserves, special reserves, loss reserves, and other reserve funds as may be specified by the competent authority.

　　第12 條本法所稱主管機關(guān)為行政院金融監(jiān)督管理委員會。但保險合作社除其經(jīng)營之業(yè)務，以行政院金融監(jiān)督管理委員會為主管機關(guān)外，其社務以合作社之主管機關(guān)為主管機關(guān)。

　　Article 12 The term "competent authority" as used in this Act means the Financial Supervisory Commission, Executive Yuan. However, in the case of insurance cooperatives, the Financial Supervisory Commission, Executive Yuan is the competent authority for the business operated by the cooperatives, while the competent authority in charge of cooperatives is the competent authority for the administrative affairs of the cooperatives.

　　第13 條保險分為財產(chǎn)保險及人身保險。財產(chǎn)保險，包括火災保險、海上保險、陸空保險、責任保險、保證保險及經(jīng)主管機關(guān)核準之其它保險。人身保險，包括人壽保險、健康保險、傷害保險及年金保險。

　　Article 13 Insurance is categorized into non-life insurance and insurance of the person.

　　Non-life insurance includes fire insurance, marine insurance, land and air insurance, liability insurance, bonding insurance, and any other type of insurance approved by the competent authority. Insurance of the person includes life insurance, health insurance, personal injury insurance, and annuities.

　　第二節(jié)保險利益Section 2. Insurable Interest

　　第14 條要保人對于財產(chǎn)上之現(xiàn)有利益，或因財產(chǎn)上之現(xiàn)有利益而生之期待利益，有保險利益。

　　Article 14 A proposer has an insurable interest in current interest in a property, or expected future interest deriving from current interest in a property.

　　第15 條運送人或保管人對于所運送或保管之貨物，以其所負之責任為限，有保險利益。

　　Article 15 A transporter or custodian of goods has an insurable interest in goods that it transports or keeps in custody, within the extent to which the transporter or custodian bears liability for the goods.

　　第16 條要保人對于左列各人之生命或身體，有保險利益。

　　Article 16 A proposer has an insurable interest in the life or body of any of the following persons:

　　一、本人或其家屬。二、生活費或教育費所仰給之人。三、債務人。四、為本人管理財產(chǎn)或利益之人。

　　1. The proposer or the proposer's family members. 2. Persons upon whom the proposer depends for living expenses or educational expenses. 3. The proposer's obligors. 4. Persons who manage the proposer's assets or interests on the proposer's behalf.

　　第17 條要保人或被保險人，對于保險標的物無保險利益者，保險契約失其效力。

　　Article 17 If the proposer or insured has no insurable interest in the subject matter insured, the insurance contract shall become void.

　　第18 條被保險人死亡或保險標的物所有權(quán)移轉(zhuǎn)時，保險契約除另有訂定外，仍為繼承人或受讓人之利益而存在。

　　Article 18 If the insured dies or ownership of the subject matter insured is transferred, the insurance contract remains valid for the benefit of the heir or the transferee unless otherwise stipulated in the contract.

　　第19 條合伙人或共有人聯(lián)合為被保險人時，其中一人或數(shù)人讓與保險利益于他人者，保險契約不因之而失效。

　　Article 19 When partners or co-owners are jointly insured, the assignment of one or more insured persons' insurable interest to another does not void the insurance contract.

　　第20 條凡基于有效契約而生之利益，亦得為保險利益。

　　Article 20 Any interest deriving from an in-force contract may also be an insurable interest.

　　第三節(jié)保險費Section 3. Premiums

　　第21 條保險費分一次交付，及分期交付兩種。保險契約規(guī)定一次交付，或分期交付之第一期保險費，應于契約生效前交付之;但保險契約簽訂時，保險費未能確定者，不在此限。

　　Article 21 Premiums are categorized into two kinds: those to be paid in a lump sum, and those to be paid in installments. A lump-sum premium, if such is stipulated in the insurance contract, or the first installment of the premium, shall be paid before the contract takes effect. However, this requirement does not apply where the premium has not yet been determined at the time the insurance contract is entered into.

　　第22 條保險費應由要保人依契約規(guī)定交付。信托業(yè)依信托契約有交付保險費義務者，保險費應由信托業(yè)代為交付之。要保人為他人利益訂立之保險契約，保險人對于要保人所得為之抗辯，亦得以之對抗受益人。

　　Article 22 Premium shall be paid by the proposer in accordance with the provisions of the insurance contract. Where a trust enterprise is obligated under a trust agreement to pay the insurance premiums, the trust enterprise shall pay the insurance premiums in the proposer's stead.

　　When a proposer enters into an insurance contract for the benefit of another person, the insurer may raise the same defense against the beneficiary that it may raise against the proposer.

　　第23 條以同一保險利益，同一保險事故，善意訂立數(shù)個保險契約，其保險金額之總額超過保險標的之價值者，在危險發(fā)生前，要保人得依超過部份，要求比例返還保險費。保險契約因第三十七條之情事而無效時，保險人于不知情之時期內(nèi)，仍取得保險費。

　　Article 23 If multiple insurance contracts entered into in good faith cover the same insurable interest and the same insured event, and the total insured amount exceeds the value of the subject matter insured, the proposer may, prior to occurrence of the risk, claim a refund of the premium in proportion to the excess value. If an insurance contract becomes void due to the circumstances set

　　forth in Article 37, the insurer may still collect premium during the period in which the insurer is unaware that the contract has become void.

　　第24 條保險契約因第五十一條第二項之情事，而保險人不受拘束時，保險人得請求償還費用。其已收受之保險費，無須返還。保險契約因第五十一條第三項之情事而要保人不受拘束時， 保險人不得請求保險費及償還費用。其已收受者，應返還之。保險契約因第六十條或第八十一條之情事而終止，或部份終止時，除保險費非以時間為計算基礎(chǔ)者外，終止后之保險費已交付者，應返還之。

　　Article 24 If an insurer is not bound by an insurance contract because of circumstances set forth in Article 51, paragraph 2, the insurer may claim reimbursement of expenses. Premium already collected need not be refunded. If a proposer is not bound by an insurance contract because of circumstances set forth in Article 51, paragraph 3, the insurer may not claim payment of premium or reimbursement of expenses; where already collected, they shall be refunded. If an insurance contract is terminated or partially terminated because of circumstances set forth in Article 60 or Article 81, premium paid for the period subsequent to termination shall be refunded, except where the premium is not calculated on the basis of time.

　　第25 條保險契約因第六十四條第二項之情事而解除時，保險人無須返還其已收受之保險費。

　　Article 25 If an insurance contract is rescinded because of circumstances set forth in Article 64, paragraph 2, the insurer need not refund premium already collected.

　　第26 條保險費依保險契約所載增加危險之特別情形計算者，其情形在契約存續(xù)期內(nèi)消滅時，要保人得按訂約時保險費率，自其情形消滅時起算，請求比例減少保險費。保險人對于前項減少保險費不同意時，要保人得終止契約。其終止后之保險費已交付者，應返還之。

　　Article 26 Where premium is calculated based on special circumstances pertaining to increased risk as stipulated in the insurance contract, and such circumstances cease to exist during the term of the contract, the proposer may demand a pro rata reduction of premium based on the premium rate at the time the contract was entered into, to apply from the time the circumstances ceased to exist. If the insurer does not agree to a reduction of premium as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the proposer may terminate the contract, and any premium paid for the period subsequent to termination shall be refunded.

　　第27 條保險人破產(chǎn)時，保險契約于破產(chǎn)宣告之日終止，其終止后之保險費，已交付者，保險人應返還之。

　　Article 27 If an insurer becomes bankrupt, its insurance contracts terminate on the day that bankruptcy is adjudicated, and any premium paid for the period subsequent to termination shall be refunded by the insurer.

　　第28 條要保人破產(chǎn)時，保險契約仍為破產(chǎn)債權(quán)人之利益而存在，但破產(chǎn)管理人或保險人得于破產(chǎn)宣告三個月內(nèi)終止契約。其終止后之保險費已交付者，應返還之。

　　Article 28 If a proposer becomes bankrupt, the insurance contract remains valid for the benefit of the creditors of the bankrupt party. However, the bankruptcy trustee or insurer may terminate the contract within three months from the day of the bankruptcy adjudication. Any premium paid for the period subsequent to termination shall be refunded.

　　第四節(jié)保險人之責任Section 4. Obligations of the Insurer

　　第29 條保險人對于由不可預料或不可抗力之事故所致之損害，負賠償責任。但保險契約內(nèi)有明文限制者，不在此限。保險人對于由要保人或被保險人之過失所致之損害，負賠償責任。但出于要保人或被保險人之故意者，不在此限。

　　Article 29 An insurer is liable to indemnify for damage caused by unforeseeable events or force majeure. However, this requirement is not applicable when limitations are expressly stated in the insurance contract. An insurer is liable to indemnify for damage caused by the fault of the proposer or insured. However, this rule is not applicable to loss caused by a willful act of the proposer or insured.

　　第30 條保險人對于因履行道德上之義務所致之損害，應負賠償責任。

　　Article 30 An insurer shall be liable to indemnify for damage caused by the fulfillment of a moral obligation.

　　第31 條保險人對于因要保人，或被保險人之受雇人，或其所有之物或動物所致之損害，應負賠償責任。

　　Article 31 An insurer shall be liable to indemnify for damage caused by employees, objects, or animals of the proposer or the insured.

　　第32 條保險人對于因戰(zhàn)爭所致之損害，除契約有相反之訂定外，應負賠償責任。

　　Article 32 The insurer shall be liable to indemnify for damage caused by war unless the insurance contract stipulates otherwise.

　　第33 條保險人對于要保人或被保險人，為避免或減輕損害之必要行為所生之費用，負償還之責。其償還數(shù)額與賠償金額，合計雖超過保險金額，仍應償還。保險人對于前項費用之償還，以保險金額對于保險標的之價值比例定之。

　　Article 33 The insurer is liable to reimburse the proposer or insured for expenses resulting from any necessary action taken to avoid or mitigate damage. Even if the combined total of reimbursement and indemnification exceeds the total insured amount, the insurer shall pay the full combined amount. When an insurer makes reimbursement for expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph, such reimbursement is to be determined according to the ratio of the insured amount to the value of the subject matter insured.

　　第34 條保險人應于要保人或被保險人交齊證明文件后，于約定期限內(nèi)給付賠償金額。無約定期限者，應于接到通知后十五日內(nèi)給付之。保險人因可歸責于自己之事由致未在前項規(guī)定期限內(nèi)為給付者，應給付遲延利息年利一分。

　　Article 34 After a proposer or insured has submitted all supporting documents for a claim, the insurer shall pay indemnification within the stipulated time period. Where no time period has been stipulated, payment shall be effected within 15 days from receipt of notification. If, for reasons attributable to itself, the insurer fails to make payment within the time period referred to in the preceding paragraph, it shall pay default interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

　　第五節(jié)復保險Section 5. Double Insurance

　　第35 條復保險，謂要保人對于同一保險利益，同一保險事故，與數(shù)保險人分別訂立數(shù)個保險之契約行為。

　　第36 條復保險，除另有約定外，要保人應將他保險人之名稱及保險金額通知各保險人。

　　第37 條要保人故意不為前條之通知，或意圖不當?shù)美鵀閺捅ｋU者，其契約無效。

　　Article 35 The term "double insurance" means an act of contracting whereby a proposer separately enters into multiple insurance contracts with multiple insurers covering the same insurable interest and the same insured event.

　　Article 36 In double insurance, a proposer shall, unless otherwise stipulated, notify each insurer of the names of the other insurers and the amounts insured thereby.

　　Article 37 If a proposer willfully fails to make the notification referred to in the preceding Article, or obtains double insurance with the intent to acquire undue profit, the contract shall be void.

　　第38 條善意之復保險，其保險金額之總額超過保險標的之價值者，除另有約定外，各保險人對于保險標的之全部價值，僅就其所保金額負比例分擔之責。但賠償總額，不得超過保險標的之價值。

　　Article 38 Where double insurance has been obtained in good faith and the total insured amount exceeds the value of the subject matter insured, each insurer, unless otherwise stipulated, is liable only to provide a share of the indemnification for the total value of the subject matter insured pro rata to the amount it has insured. However, the total indemnification may not exceed the value of the subject matter insured.

　　第六節(jié)再保險Section 6. Reinsurance

　　第39 條再保險，謂保險人以其所承保之危險，轉(zhuǎn)向他保險人為保險之契約行為。

　　第40 條原保險契約之被保險人，對于再保險人無賠償請求權(quán)。但原保險契約及再保險契約另有約定者，不在此限。

　　第41 條再保險人不得向原保險契約之要保人請求交付保險費。

　　第42 條原保險人不得以再保險人不履行再保險金額給付之義務為理由，拒絕或延遲履行其對于被保險人之義務。

　　Article 39 The term "reinsurance" means an act of contracting whereby an insurer effects insurance with another insurer to cede risk that it has insured.

　　Article 40 The insured of the original insurance contract has no right to claim indemnification from a reinsurer. However, this restriction does not apply where otherwise provided by the original insurance contract or the reinsurance contract.

　　Article 41 A reinsurer may not claim payment of premium from the proposer of the original insurance contract.

　　Article 42 An original insurer may not refuse or delay fulfillment of its obligations to the insured on the grounds that a reinsurer has failed to fulfill its obligation to make reinsurance payment.

　　第二章保險契約Chapter II. Insurance Contracts

　　第一節(jié)通則Section 1. General Provisions

　　第43 條保險契約，應以保險單或暫保單為之。

　　第44 條保險契約，由保險人于同意要保人聲請后簽訂。利害關(guān)系人，均得向保險人請求保險契約之謄本。

　　Article 43 An insurance contract shall be made in the form of a policy or a binder.

　　Article 44 An insurance contract is to be signed and executed by the insurer after it agrees to an application submitted by the proposer. Any interested party may request a copy of the insurance contract from the insurer.

　　第45 條要保人得不經(jīng)委任，為他人之利益訂立保險契約。受益人有疑義時，推定要保人為自己之利益而訂立。

　　第46 條保險契約由代理人訂立者，應載明代訂之意旨。

　　第47 條保險契約由合伙人或共有人中之一人或數(shù)人訂立，而其利益及于全體合伙人或共有人者， 應載明為全體合伙人或共有人訂立之意旨。

　　第48 條保險人得約定保險標的物之一部份，應由要保人自行負擔由危險而生之損失。有前項約定時，要保人不得將未經(jīng)保險之部份，另向他保險人訂立保險契約。

　　第49 條保險契約除人身保險外，得為指示式或無記名式。保險人對于要保人所得為之抗

　　辯，亦得以之對抗保險契約之受讓人。

　　第50 條保險契約分不定值保險契約，及定值保險契約。不定值保險契約，為契約上載明保險標的之價值，須至危險發(fā)生后估計而訂之保險契約。定值保險契約，為契約上載明保險標的一定價值之保險契約。

　　第51 條保險契約訂立時，保險標的之危險已發(fā)生或已消滅者，其契約無效。但為當事人雙方所不知者，不在此限。訂約時，僅要保人知危險已發(fā)生者，保險人不受契約之拘束。訂約時，僅保險人知危險已消滅者，要保人不受契約之拘束。

　　Article 45 A proposer may, without having been mandated, enter into an insurance contract for the benefit of another person. Should there be any doubt as to the beneficiary, it will be presumed that the proposer entered into the contract for its own benefit.

　　Article 46 If an insurance contract is entered into by an agent [on behalf of another], a statement to such effect shall be made in the insurance contract.

　　Article 47 If an insurance contract is entered into by one or several partners or co-owners for the benefit of all the partners or co-owners, a statement to such effect shall be made in the insurance contract.

　　Article 48 An insurer may stipulate in the contract that loss to a portion of the subject matter insured arising from risk shall be borne by the proposer. When the type of stipulation set forth in the preceding paragraph is made, the proposer may not enter into an insurance contract with another insurer for the portion that has not been insured.

　　Article 49 Except in the case of insurance of the person, an insurance contract may have either a specified or an unspecified beneficiary. The insurer may raise against the assignee of an insurance contract the same defense that it may raise against the proposer.

　　Article 50 Insurance contracts are classified into unvalued and valued insurance contracts. An unvalued insurance contract is an insurance contract which expressly states that the value of the subject matter insured must be estimated after occurrence of the insured risk. A valued insurance contract is an insurance contract that expressly states a definite value for the subject matter insured.

　　Article 51 If the risk associated with the subject matter insured has already occurred or ceased to exist at the time an insurance contract is entered into, the contract shall be void, provided that this rule does not apply when neither of the contracting parties is aware of the occurrence or cessation of existence. If, at the time an insurance contract is entered into, only the proposer knows that the risk has already occurred, the insurer is not bound by the contract. If, at the time an insurance contract is entered into, only the insurer knows that the risk has ceased to exist, the proposer is not bound by the contract.

　　第52 條為他人利益訂立之保險契約，于訂約時，該他人未確定者，由要保人或保險契約所載可得確定之受益人，享受其利益。

　　第53 條被保險人因保險人應負保險責任之損失發(fā)生，而對于第三人有損失賠償請求權(quán)者，保險人得于給付賠償金額后，代位行使被保險人對于第三人之請求權(quán);但其所請求之數(shù)額，以不逾賠償金額為限。前項第三人為被保險人之家屬或受雇人時，保險人無代位請求權(quán)。但損失系由其故意所致者，不在此限。

　　Article 52 When an insurance contract is entered into for the benefit of another person, if that person has not yet been determined at the time the contract is entered into, the proposer, or such beneficiary as may be determined in accordance with the content of the insurance contract, shall enjoy the benefit.

　　Article 53 If an insured has a right to claim indemnification from a third party due to occurrence of loss for which the insurer bears insurance liability, the insurer may, after paying indemnification, be subrogated to the insured's right of claim against the third party. However, the amount of the subrogated claim may not exceed the amount of the indemnification. If the third party referred to in the preceding paragraph is a family member or employee of the insured, the insurer has no right of claim by subrogation. However, this rule is not applicable when the loss has resulted from the willful misconduct of such third party.

　　第54 條本法之強制規(guī)定，不得以契約變更之。但有利于被保險人者，不在此限。保險契約之解釋，應探求契約當事人之真意，不得拘泥于所用之文字;如有疑義時，以作有利于被保險人之解釋為原則。

　　第54-1 條保險契約中有左列情事之一，依訂約時情形顯失公平者，該部分之約定無效：

　　一、免除或減輕保險人依本法應負之義務者。

　　二、使要保人、受益人或被保險人拋棄或限制其依本法所享之權(quán)利者。

　　三、加重要保人或被保險人之義務者。

　　Article 54 Compulsory provisions of this Act may not be modified by contract. However, this restriction does not apply to modifications favorable to the insured. Interpretation of insurance contracts shall seek the true intent of the parties, and may not adhere blindly to the language employed. Where there is doubt, interpretations should in principle be favorable to the insured.

　　Article 54-1 If an insurance contract contains any term or condition as follows, and such term or condition would have been obviously unfair under the circumstances at the time of signing, such part of the contract shall be void:

　　1. A term or condition that exempts the insurer from or diminishes

　　its obligations under this Act.

　　2. A term or condition that causes the proposer, beneficiary, or

　　insured to waive or limit any right they enjoy under this Act.

　　3. A term or condition that increases the obligations of the proposer or the insured.

　　四、其它于要保人、受益人或被保險人有重大不利益者。

　　4. Any other term or condition that is materially disadvantageous to the proposer, beneficiary, or insured.

　　第二節(jié)基本條款Section 2. Basic Provisions

　　第55 條保險契約，除本法另有規(guī)定外，應記載左列各款事項：

　　一、當事人之姓名及住所。二、保險之標的物。三、保險事故之種類。四、保險責任開始之日時及保險期間。五、保險金額。六、保險費。七、無效及失權(quán)之原因。八、訂約之年月日。

　　第56 條變更保險契約或恢復停止效力之保險契約時，保險人于接到通知后十日內(nèi)不為拒絕者，視為承諾。但本法就人身保險有特別規(guī)定者，從其規(guī)定。

　　Article 55 Except where otherwise provided in this Act, an insurance contract shall specify the following particulars:

　　1. Names and domiciles of the contracting parties. 2. The subject matter insured. 3. The type of risk insured. 4. The date and hour from which the insurance liability commences and the period of insurance. 5. The insured amount. 6. The premium. 7. Causes for voidance of contract or loss of rights. 8. The date the contract is entered into.

　　Article 56 When an insurance contract is modified or a suspended contract is reinstated, failure by the insurer to reject the modification or reinstatement within 10 days from receipt of notification shall be deemed acceptance. However, where this Act has special provisions for insurance of the person, such provisions shall govern.

　　第57 條當事人之一方對于他方應通知之事項而怠于通知者，除不可抗力之事故外，不問是否故意，他方得據(jù)為解除保險契約之原因。

　　第58 條要保人、被保險人或受益人，遇有保險人應負保險責任之事故發(fā)生，除本法另有規(guī)定，或契約另有訂定外，應于知悉后五日內(nèi)通知保險人。

　　第59 條要保人對于保險契約內(nèi)所載增加危險之情形應通知者，應于知悉后通知保險人。危險增加，由于要保人或被保險人之行為所致，其危險達于應增加保險費或終止契約之程度者，要保人或被保險人應先通知保險人。危險增加，不由于要保人或被保險人之行為所致者，要保人或被保險人應于知悉后十日內(nèi)通知保險人。危險減少時，被保險人得請求保險人重新核定保費。

　　Article 57 Except when due to a force majeure event, the failure of a party to an insurance contract to provide a required notification of any matter to another party, whether intentional or unintentional, may be cause for rescission of the contract by the other party.

　　Article 58 When a proposer, insured, or beneficiary experiences an event for which the insurer bears insurance liability, such party shall notify the insurer within five days from becoming aware of the occurrence, except where otherwise provided in this Act or stipulated in the contract.

　　Article 59 A proposer required to serve notice of circumstances that increase risk as stated in the insurance contract shall notify the insurer upon becoming aware of the circumstances. If the increase in risk is caused by an act of the proposer or the insured, and the risk is increased to the extent that the premium should be increased or the contract terminated, the proposer or the insured shall serve prior notice to the insurer. If the increase in risk is not caused by an act of the proposer or the insured, the proposer or the insured shall notify the insurer within 10 days of becoming aware of the increase in risk. When risk is diminished, the insured may request the insurer to adjust the premium.

　　第60 條保險遇有前條情形，得終止契約，或提議另定保險費。要保人對于另定保險費不同意者， 其契約即為終止。但因前條第二項情形終止契約時，保險人如有損失，并得請求賠償。保險人知危險增加后，仍繼續(xù)收受保險費，或于危險發(fā)生后給付賠償金額，或其它維持契約之表示者，喪失前項之權(quán)利。

　　第61 條危險增加如有左列情形之一時，不適用第五十九條之規(guī)定：

　　一、損害之發(fā)生不影響保險人之負擔者。二、為防護保險人之利益者。三、為履行道德上之義務者。

　　Article 60 In the event of circumstances referred to in the preceding article, the insurer may terminate the contract or propose revision of the premium. If the proposer does not agree to the premium adjustment, the contract is terminated forthwith. However, where the contract is terminated on account of circumstances stated in paragraph 2 of the preceding article, the insurer may also claim compensation if it has sustained any loss. An insurer that continues to accept the premium after becoming aware of an increase in risk, or that pays a claim after occurrence of the risk, or that otherwise expresses intent to maintain the contract, loses the rights stated in the preceding paragraph.

　　Article 61 The provisions of Article 59 does not apply to an increase in risk under any of the following circumstances:

　　1. Where the occurrence of damage does not affect the burden of the insurer.

　　2. Where the act is done to protect the interests of the insurer.

　　3. Where the act is done to fulfill a moral obligation.

　　第62 條當事人之一方對于左列各款，不負通知之義務：

　　一、為他方所知者。二、依通常注意為他方所應知，或無法諉為不知者。三、一方對于他方經(jīng)聲明不必通知者。

　　第63 條要保人或被保險人不于第五十八條，第五十九條第三項所規(guī)定之期限內(nèi)為通知者，對于保險人因此所受之損失，應負賠償責任。

　　第64 條訂立契約時，要保人對于保險人之書面詢問，應據(jù)實說明。要保人故意隱匿，或因過失遺漏，或為不實之說明，足以變更或減少保險人對于危險之估計者，保險人得解除契約;其危險發(fā)生后亦同。但要保人證明危險之發(fā)生未基于其說明或未說明之事實時，不在此限。前項解除契約權(quán)，自保險人知有解除之原因后，經(jīng)過一個月不行使而消滅;或契約訂立后經(jīng)過二年，即有可以解除之原因，亦不得解除契約。

　　Article 62 A party shall be free of obligation of notification with regard to any matter enumerated below:

　　1. A matter of which the other party is aware.

　　2. A matter of which the other party should be aware by paying

　　normal attention or for which it would have no excuse for being

　　unaware.

　　3. A matter of which the other party has stated that no notice need

　　be served.

　　Article 63 A proposer or an insured who fails to serve notice within the time limit stated in Article 58 or Article 59, paragraph 3 shall be liable for loss sustained by the insurer as a result.

　　Article 64 At the time a contract is entered into, the proposer shall make truthful representations in response to the written inquiries of the insurer. If the proposer has made any willful concealment, nondisclosure through its own fault, or misrepresentation, and such concealment, nondisclosure, or misrepresentation is sufficient to alter or diminish the insurer's estimation of the risk to be undertaken, the insurer may rescind the contract; the same shall apply after the risk has occurred, provided that this provision does not apply where the proposer proves that the occurrence of the risk was not based upon any fact that it did or did not represent. The right to rescind as stated in the preceding paragraph shall be extinguished if not exercised within one month of the time the insurer knows of the cause for rescission. Once two years have elapsed after the contract is entered into, the contract may not be rescinded even if cause for rescission exists.

　　第65 條由保險契約所生之權(quán)利，自得為請求之日起，經(jīng)過二年不行使而消滅。有左列各款情形之一者，其期限之起算，依各該款之規(guī)定：

　　一、要保人或被保險人對于危險之說明，有隱匿、遺漏或不實者，自保險人知情之日起算。

　　二、危險發(fā)生后，利害關(guān)系人能證明其非因疏忽而不知情者，自其知情之日起算。

　　三、要保人或被保險人對于保險人之請求，系由于第三人之請求而生者，自要保人或被保

　　險人受請求之日起算。

　　Article 65 Any right arising out of an insurance contract shall be extinguished if not exercised within two years from the day when it becomes possible to exercise the right. If any of the following circumstances exists, the two-year time period commences as set forth in the following subparagraphs:

　　1. If there is concealment, non-disclosure, or misrepresentation on the part of the proposer or insured in the disclosure of risk, the period commences from the day on which the insurer becomes aware of the situation.

　　2. If, after a risk occurs, an interested party can prove that its lack of awareness was not due to negligence, the period will begin from the day on which it becomes aware of the situation.

　　3. If the claim of a proposer or insured against an insurer arises out of the claim of a third party, the period will begin from the day on which the proposer or insured is presented with the third-party claim.

　　第三節(jié)特約條款Section 3. Special Provisions

　　第66 條特約條款，為當事人于保險契約基本條款外，承認履行特種義務之條款。

　　第67 條與保險契約有關(guān)之一切事項，不問過去現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，均得以特約條款定之。

　　第68 條保險契約當事人之一方違背特約條款時，他方得解除契約;其危險發(fā)生后亦同。第六十四條第三項之規(guī)定，于前項情形準用之。

　　Article 66 A special provision is a provision whereby the parties represent and warrant performance of a special obligation apart from the basic provisions of the insurance contract.

　　Article 67 All matters, whether past, present, or future, that relate to an insurance contract may be stipulated by a special provision.

　　Article 68 When a party to an insurance contract breaches a special provision, the other party may rescind the contract. The same rule also applies after the risk has occurred. The provisions of Article 64, paragraph 3 apply mutatis mutandis to the circumstances in the preceding paragraph.

　　第69 條關(guān)于未來事項之特約條款，于未屆履行期前危險已發(fā)生，或其履行為不可能，或在訂約地為不合法而未履行者，保險契約不因之而失效。

　　Article 69 With regard to any special provision relating to a future matter, if the related risk has already occurred before the time for performance of the provision has commenced, or performance of the provision is impossible, or the provision has not been performed because it is

　　illegal in the place where the contract was entered into, the insurance contract does not for that reason become void.

　　第三章財產(chǎn)保險Chapter III. Non-life Insurance

　　第一節(jié)火災保險Section 1. Fire Insurance

　　第70 條火災保險人，對于由火災所致保險標的物之毀損或滅失，除契約另有訂定外，負賠償之責。因救護保險標的物，致保險標的物發(fā)生損失者，視同所保危險所生之損失。

　　第71 條就集合之物而總括為保險者，被保險人家屬、受雇人或同居人之物，亦得為保險標的，載明于保險契約，在危險發(fā)生時，就其損失享受賠償。前項保險契約，視同并為第三

　　人利益而訂立。

　　第72 條保險金額為保險人在保險期內(nèi)，所負責任之最高額度。保險人應于承保前，查明保險標的物之市價，不得超額承保。

　　第73 條保險標的，得由要保人，依主管機關(guān)核定之費率及條款，作定值或不定值約定之要保。保險標的，以約定價值為保險金額者，發(fā)生全部損失或部份損失時，均按約定價值為標準計算賠償。保險標的未經(jīng)約定價值者，發(fā)生損失時，按保險事故發(fā)生時實際價值為標準，計算賠償，其賠償金額，不得超過保險金額。

　　Article 70 A fire insurer is liable, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, to indemnify for damage or loss of the subject matter insured as a result of fire. Loss to the subject matter insured that occurs in the course of attempting to save or protect it is deemed to have arisen out of the

　　insured risk.

　　Article 71 When insurance is effected to cover a group of things collectively, the belongings of family members, employees, or cohabitants of the insured may also be specified in the insurance contract as part of the subject matter insured, and indemnification for loss to such items shall be made upon occurrence of the insured risk. An insurance contract referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed as having also been entered into for the benefit of the third

　　parties.

　　Article 72 The insured amount is the maximum liability to be borne by the insurer during the term of insurance. Before underwriting an insurance policy, the insurer shall appraise the market value of the subject matter to be insured, and may not over-insure the subject matter.

　　Article 73 A proposer may apply for either valued or unvalued insurance coverage of any given subject matter, at a premium rate and under provisions approved by the competent authority. When the stipulated value of the subject matter insured is the insured amount, if total loss or partial loss is sustained, indemnification shall be calculated on the basis of the stipulated value. When the value of the subject matter insured is not stipulated, if loss is sustained, indemnification shall be calculated on the basis of the actual value at the time of occurrence of the insured peril. Indemnification may not exceed the insured amount.

　　第74 條第七十三條所稱全部損失，系指保險標的全部滅失或毀損，達于不能修復或其修復之費用，超過保險標的恢復原狀所需者。

　　第75 條保險標的物不能以市價估計者，得由當事人約定其價值。賠償時從其約定。

　　第76 條保險金額超過保險標的價值之契約，系由當事人一方之詐欺而訂立者，他方得解除契約。如有損失，并得請求賠償。無詐欺情事者，除定值保險外，其契約僅于保險標的價值之限度內(nèi)為有效。無詐欺情事之保險契約，經(jīng)當事人一方將超過價值之事實通知他方后，保險金額及保險費，均應按照保險標的之價值比例減少。

　　第77 條保險金額不及保險標的物之價值者，除契約另有訂定外，保險人之負擔，以保險金額對于保險標的物之價值比例定之。

　　第78 條損失之估計，因可歸責于保險人之事由而遲延者，應自被保險人交出損失清單一個月后加給利息。損失清單交出二個月后損失尚未完全估定者，被保險人得請求先行交付其所應得之最低賠償金額。

　　第79 條保險人或被保險人為證明及估計損失所支出之必要費用，除契約另有訂定外，由保險人負擔之。保險金額不及保險標的物之價值時，保險人對于前項費用，依第七十七條規(guī)定比例負擔之。

　　Article 74 The term "total loss" as used in Article 73 means total destruction or loss of the subject matter insured, to such an extent that it cannot be restored, or the cost of restoration exceeds the value of the subject matter insured after restoration to its original condition.

　　Article 75 If the value of the subject matter insured cannot be appraised on the basis of market value, the contracting parties may stipulate its value. Any indemnification shall be based on the stipulated value.

　　Article 76 Where the insured amount exceeds the value of the subject matter insured, if the contract is entered into through the fraud of one of the contracting parties, the other party may rescind the contract. If loss is sustained, the other party may also claim indemnification. If no fraud is involved, the contract shall, except in the case of valued insurance, be valid only within the limits of the value of the subject matter insured. For contracts where fraud is not at issue, after one of the contracting parties has notified the other party of the fact that the subject matter is over-insured, the insured amount and the premium shall both be reduced pro rata according to the value of the subject matter insured.

　　Article 77 If the insured amount is below the value of the subject matter insured, the burden of the insurer, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, is to be determined by the ratio of the insured amount to the value of the subject matter insured.

　　Article 78 If appraisal of loss is delayed due to causes attributable to the insurer, additional interest shall accrue beginning one month from the day on which the insured presents a statement of loss. If appraisal of loss remains unfinalized two months after presentation of the statement of loss, the insured may claim pre-payment of the minimum amount of indemnification to which it is entitled.

　　Article 79 Any necessary expenses incurred by an insurer or an insured to prove and appraise a loss are to be borne by the insurer unless otherwise stipulated in the contract. If the insured amount is less than the value of the subject matter insured, the expenses mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be borne pro rata by the insurer in accordance with the ratio set forth in Article 77.

　　第80 條損失未估定前，要保人或被保險人除為公共利益或避免擴大損失外，非經(jīng)保險人同意，對于保險標的物不得加以變更。

　　第81 條保險標的物非因保險契約所載之保險事故而完全滅失時，保險契約即為終止。

　　第82 條保險標的物受部份之損失者，保險人與要保人均有終止契約之權(quán)。終止后，已交付未損失部份之保險費應返還之。前項終止契約權(quán)，于賠償金額給付后，經(jīng)過一個月不行使而

　　消滅。保險人終止契約時，應于十五日前通知要保人。要保人與保險人均不終止契約時，除契約另有訂定外，保險人對于以后保險事故所致之損失，其責任以賠償保險金額之余額為限。

　　第82-1 條第七十三條至第八十一條之規(guī)定，于海上保險、陸空保險、責任保險、保證保險及其它財產(chǎn)保險準用之。第一百二十三條及第一百二十四條之規(guī)定，于超過一年之財產(chǎn)保險準用之。

　　Article 80 Before appraisal of loss has been finalized, the proposer or the insured may not, except in order to ensure the public interest or avoid aggravation of loss, make any alteration to the subject matter insured without the insurer's consent.

　　Article 81 When something other than an insured peril specified in the insurance contract causes complete destruction or loss of the subject matter insured, the insurance contract shall be forthwith terminated.

　　Article 82 If the subject matter insured sustains partial loss, both the insurer and the proposer have the right to terminate the contract. After termination, premium already paid for the portion not affected by the loss shall be refunded. The right to terminate the contract as stated in the preceding

　　paragraph shall be extinguished if not exercised within one month after indemnification is paid.

　　The insurer shall notify the proposer fifteen days prior to terminating the contract. If neither the proposer nor the insurer terminates the contract, the liability of the insurer for any future loss resulting from insured perils shall, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, be limited to the balance of the insured amount after indemnification.

　　Article 82-1 The provisions of Article 73 to 81 apply mutatis mutandis to marine insurance, land and air insurance, liability insurance, bonding insurance, and other types of non-life insurance. The provisions of Article 123 and 124 apply mutatis mutandis to non-life insurance of term length exceeding one year.

　　第二節(jié)海上保險Section 2. Marine Insurance

　　第83 條海上保險人對于保險標的物，除契約另有規(guī)定外，因海上一切事變及災害所生之毀損、滅失及費用，負賠償之責。

　　Article 83 Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, a marine insurer is liable, with respect to the subject matter insured, to indemnify for damage, loss, and expenses arising out of all accidents and calamities at sea.