每日一詞∣中國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易 China's foreign trade of goods

海關(guān)總署10月24日發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù)，今年前三季度，我國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口總值31.11萬(wàn)億元，同比增長(zhǎng)9.9%。具體來(lái)看，前三季度出口17.67萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)13.8%；進(jìn)口13.44萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)5.2%。

China's foreign trade of goods jumped 9.9 percent year on year to 31.11 trillion yuan during the first nine months of the year, official data showed Monday. Exports rose 13.8 percent year on year to 17.67 trillion yuan, while imports increased 5.2 percent from a year ago to 13.44 trillion yuan, according to the General Administration of Customs.

2022年8月30日，滇中海關(guān)關(guān)員使用設(shè)備對(duì)中老鐵路國(guó)際貨物列車(chē)出口貨物進(jìn)行查驗(yàn)。（圖片來(lái)源：新華社）

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

追溯歷史，我國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易從零起步，百年間實(shí)現(xiàn)了規(guī)模從小到大，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力由弱到強(qiáng)的躍升。改革開(kāi)放前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總體上處于相對(duì)封閉狀態(tài)，貨物進(jìn)出口始終在較低水平徘徊。改革開(kāi)放后，我國(guó)外貿(mào)管理體制改革不斷深化，對(duì)外開(kāi)放水平逐步提升，對(duì)外貿(mào)易迅速發(fā)展，并不斷取得新突破。從2012年的24.4萬(wàn)億元到2021年的39.1萬(wàn)億元，十年間，我國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易總額持續(xù)增加，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)份額也從2012年的10.4%提升到去年的13.5%，全球貨物貿(mào)易第一大國(guó)的地位更加鞏固。

今年前三季度，我國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口總值31.11萬(wàn)億元，同比增長(zhǎng)9.9%。

從貿(mào)易方式看，一般貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口實(shí)現(xiàn)兩位數(shù)增長(zhǎng)、比重提升。前三季度，我國(guó)一般貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口19.92萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)13.7%。從貿(mào)易伙伴看，東盟繼續(xù)保持我國(guó)第一大貿(mào)易伙伴地位。前三季度，我國(guó)與東盟貿(mào)易總值為4.7萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)15.2%，占我國(guó)外貿(mào)總值的15.1%。值得一提的是，同期，我國(guó)與“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)更為密切：合計(jì)進(jìn)出口10.04萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)20.7%。從外貿(mào)主體看，民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)出口快速增長(zhǎng)、比重提升。前三季度，民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)出口15.62萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)14.5%，占我國(guó)外貿(mào)總值的50.2，繼續(xù)發(fā)揮外貿(mào)“主力軍”作用。數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，機(jī)電產(chǎn)品和勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品出口均實(shí)現(xiàn)較快增長(zhǎng)。

【重要講話(huà)】

我們將堅(jiān)定不移全面深化改革開(kāi)放，堅(jiān)定不移推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，以自身發(fā)展為世界創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)遇?，F(xiàn)在，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性強(qiáng)、潛力足、回旋余地廣，長(zhǎng)期向好的基本面不會(huì)改變。

We'll be steadfast in deepening reform and opening up across the board, and in pursuing high-quality development. A prosperous China will create many more opportunities for the world. The Chinese economy has great resilience and potential. Its strong fundamentals will not change, and it will remain on the positive trajectory over the long run.

——10月23日，習(xí)近平在二十屆中共中央政治局常委同中外記者見(jiàn)面時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)

中國(guó)有14億多人口和4億以上中等收入群體，每年進(jìn)口商品和服務(wù)約2.5萬(wàn)億美元，市場(chǎng)規(guī)模巨大。中國(guó)將更加注重?cái)U(kuò)大進(jìn)口，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。中國(guó)將增設(shè)進(jìn)口貿(mào)易促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)，優(yōu)化跨境電商零售進(jìn)口商品清單，推進(jìn)邊民互市貿(mào)易進(jìn)口商品落地加工，增加自周邊國(guó)家進(jìn)口。

China has a population of over 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of more than 400 million people. Our annual import in goods and services is valued at around US$2.5 trillion. All this offers an enormous market. Going forward, China will lay more emphasis on expanding import, and pursue balanced development of trade. China will open more demonstration zones for creative promotion of import trade, optimize the catalogue of retail imports via cross-border e-commerce, encourage the on-site processing of imported goods from trading between border residents, and increase imports from neighboring countries.   

——2020年11月4日，習(xí)近平在第三屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上的主旨演講

【相關(guān)詞匯】

貿(mào)易順差

trade surplus

進(jìn)出口總值

combined import and export value