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同傳翻譯的七個(gè)翻譯技巧

發(fā)表時(shí)間:2018/01/19 00:00:00  瀏覽次數(shù):3888  
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       同聲傳譯是指?jìng)髯g員利用專門的同聲傳譯設(shè)備,坐在隔音的同傳室(俗稱“箱子”)里,一面通過耳機(jī)收聽源語(yǔ)發(fā)言人連續(xù)不斷的講話,一面幾乎同步地對(duì)著話筒把講話人所表達(dá)的全部信息內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確、完整地傳譯成目的語(yǔ),其譯語(yǔ)輸出通過話筒輸送。需要傳譯服務(wù)的與會(huì)者,可以通過接收裝置,調(diào)到自己所需的語(yǔ)言頻道,從耳機(jī)中收聽相應(yīng)的譯語(yǔ)輸出。同聲傳譯的要求很高,然而除了足夠多的練習(xí)之外,要做好同傳還應(yīng)該知道一些技巧,譯境翻譯與大家分享幾條有關(guān)漢英同傳的翻譯技巧。

  1.Anticipation預(yù)測(cè)
  在發(fā)言人話說到一半時(shí),預(yù)測(cè)到后半句可能要講的內(nèi)容,超前翻譯。預(yù)測(cè)要建立在豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)上:
  Linguistic anticipation語(yǔ)言預(yù)測(cè):利用對(duì)句式結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言搭配的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn),根據(jù)上半句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷出下半句的大體狀況。
  Extra-linguistic anticipation語(yǔ)言外預(yù)測(cè):利用對(duì)會(huì)議內(nèi)容的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn),與對(duì)發(fā)言人語(yǔ)言基調(diào)的判斷,預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)言人的發(fā)言內(nèi)容。
  例如:
  1. 十三億人口的中國(guó)保持穩(wěn)定和加快發(fā)展,對(duì)促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)及世界的穩(wěn)定性和發(fā)展,具有極其重要的意義。
  China has 1.3 billion people. To maintainits stability and accelerate its development is playing an important role in the stability and development in Asia-Pacific and the world atlarge.
  根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)中“對(duì)…”結(jié)構(gòu),譯員可以憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)后面大概是“發(fā)揮作用”、“扮演角色”一類的表述,故大膽讓英語(yǔ)中這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)提前出現(xiàn)。
  2. 我謹(jǐn)代表中國(guó)政府,并以我個(gè)人的名義,對(duì)各位來自英國(guó)的代表們表示熱烈的歡迎,并向所有關(guān)心中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的朋友們表示衷心的感謝!預(yù)祝本次大會(huì)取得圓滿成功!
  On behalf of the Chinese Government, and in my personal name, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to the delegates from the UK. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all friends who are interested in China’s economic development. I wish this conference a complete success!
  在每場(chǎng)會(huì)議都會(huì)出現(xiàn)類似用語(yǔ)。聽到“對(duì)…”和“向…”后就知道后面肯定是“歡迎”和“致謝”。
  2.Paraphrasing意譯
  在沒有百分之百聽懂源語(yǔ)時(shí),為避免出現(xiàn)大段空白,或避免翻譯出現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)性錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)變翻譯為意譯,將困難局面模糊地應(yīng)付過去。
  例如:
  某代表談到歐盟農(nóng)業(yè)政策時(shí),說到“If the CIF price of produce at the community border is below the guideline price as determined under the Common Market Organization, then a levy,
  which is not a tariff duty, is imposed.”
  譯文:如果在歐盟邊境農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的CIF價(jià)格低于歐盟官方的指導(dǎo)價(jià),則需征收一種特別稅。
  這種意譯法雖然不是很到位,但總比勉強(qiáng)為之,反而譯錯(cuò)了Common Market Organization和levy要好。
  Stressing強(qiáng)調(diào)
  (1) 今天,專心致志進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的中國(guó)人民,更加需要一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的和平國(guó)際環(huán)境和良好的周邊環(huán)境。
  Today, the Chinese people who are committed to modernization need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring environment.
 ?。?)這次訪問給予我一直以來都向往的機(jī)會(huì),來親眼看一看中國(guó)人民取得的成就。
  This visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought after to see for myself the achievements of the Chinese people.
  3.Simplification簡(jiǎn)約
  對(duì)于原文中出現(xiàn)的無法譯成目的語(yǔ)的材料或技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的材料,通過省略一些源于中可有可無或者有違目的語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的結(jié)構(gòu),來爭(zhēng)取口譯時(shí)間,使譯語(yǔ)更通暢。
  例子:
  一、漢譯英時(shí),省略重復(fù)冗余的修辭性表達(dá)。
  1. 任何人不得將個(gè)人利益置于國(guó)家利益和社會(huì)利益之上。
  Nobody shall place his own interests abovethose of the state and the society.
  2. 中國(guó)一貫主張裁軍,反對(duì)一切軍備競(jìng)賽,既反對(duì)常規(guī)軍備競(jìng)賽,更反對(duì)核軍備競(jìng)賽;既反對(duì)地面上的軍備競(jìng)賽,也反對(duì)在太空進(jìn)行的軍備競(jìng)賽。
  China consistently stands for disarmamentand is opposed to all kinds of arms race, conventional or nuclear, on theground or in outer space.
  二、漢譯英時(shí),省略次要的信息。

(1)我們應(yīng)該牢牢把握中美關(guān)系的大局,妥善解決分歧,不斷朝著增進(jìn)了解、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)、發(fā)展合作、共創(chuàng)未來的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。

  We should take a firm hold of the overall interests of Sino-US relation and settle our differences properly so as to develop mutual understanding, cooperation and a better future.
  (2)所有人都可以借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源來學(xué)習(xí),不論他們是哪個(gè)民族、何種性別、何種膚色,只要他們可以接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng),都能進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。
  All can study with the help of Internet resources, regardless of their race, nationality, and gender, as long as they have access to the Internet.
  4.Addition增補(bǔ)
  漢譯英時(shí),要適當(dāng)增加一些起潤(rùn)滑作用的虛詞,使譯語(yǔ)邏輯關(guān)系更明確。
  例如:
  (1)中國(guó)是一個(gè)有五千年文明歷x史的國(guó)家,從歷史文化來了解和認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó),是一個(gè)重要的視角。
  China is a country with 5,000 years ofcivilization. Therefore, to approach China from its history and culture forms an important perspective.
  加Therefore使邏輯關(guān)系更明確。
  幾天來,我同霍克總理和澳大利亞政府其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行了深入和有益的會(huì)談,同澳大利亞各界人士就能行了廣泛的接觸。我對(duì)中澳關(guān)系的前景更加滿懷信心。
  In these past few days, I have heldin-depth and beneficial talks with Prime Minister Hawk and other leaders of the Australian Government, as well as met with Australian personnel of various walks of life. As a result, I am even more confident about the future of Sino-Australian relations.
  加as well as和as a result使邏輯關(guān)系更明確。
 ?。?)實(shí)踐已充分證明,廣東的發(fā)展離不開港澳,港澳的發(fā)展也離不開廣東,德江書記在今年春節(jié)前夕一次座談會(huì)上也降到:”港澳好,廣東好;廣東好,港澳好”。
  It has been fully proved that Guangdong’sdevelopment couldn’t have been achieved without Hong Kong and Macau, while the development of Hong Kong and Macau couldn’t have been achieved without Guangdong either. Secretary Zhang Dejiang of the CPC Provincial Committee, in one of his meetings before the Spring Festival this year, also remarked, “If Hong Kong and Macau are prosperous, Guangdong will be prosperous too. And vice versa.”
  補(bǔ)充了背景信息,并加強(qiáng)了各獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
  5.Conversion轉(zhuǎn)換
  在英語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)意常常用名詞來表達(dá)。在漢語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)意常常用動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。
  漢譯英時(shí),常常要將漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的非動(dòng)詞。
  例子:
   (1)總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)增加撥款500萬(wàn)美元,解決沙漠部隊(duì)飲水問題。
  The president has approved an additional 5 million US dollars to provide the desert troops with drinking water.
   (2) 我此次訪問的范圍很廣。這表明我國(guó)政府認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)正在進(jìn)行的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要性及其對(duì)兩國(guó)關(guān)系可能產(chǎn)生的影響。
  The extentof my visit symbolizes my Government’s awareness of the importance of the modernization taking place in China and the implications of that for our relationship
   (3) 依靠市場(chǎng)力量和競(jìng)爭(zhēng),促進(jìn)企業(yè)進(jìn)取精神,在追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的過程中,這些已成為所有國(guó)家的共同點(diǎn)。
  Reliance on market forces and competitiveness and promotion of entrepreneurial initiative in the pursuit of economic efficiency, have become common features of all countries.
  6.Opposition反說
  主被動(dòng)變通(主動(dòng)→被動(dòng))
  英語(yǔ)中存在大量被動(dòng)句,而漢語(yǔ)存在大量主動(dòng)句。
  例如:
  品牌名稱是能看得見、能說出來、能寫出來的,而品牌標(biāo)識(shí)是只能看得見而不能說出來的。(主動(dòng))
  A brandname can be seen, spoken out and written out, while a brand logo can only beseen instead of being spoken out.(被動(dòng))
  7.Generalization歸納
  提前對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的預(yù)測(cè)性歸納:namely
  對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)性歸納:among  others, so on
  漢譯英時(shí),常常要將漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的非動(dòng)詞。
  例子:
  沿海開放城市的任務(wù)是認(rèn)真抓好現(xiàn)有企業(yè)技術(shù)改造,更新工藝技術(shù),提高經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平,致力于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)。
  The coastal open cities should fulfill these tasks: conscientiously carrying out transformationand upgrading of technologies, improving the management and making efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products.

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