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上海翻譯公司:介詞的翻譯技巧

發(fā)表時(shí)間:2017/02/11 00:00:00  瀏覽次數(shù):1975  
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上海翻譯公司是一家有資質(zhì)的翻譯公司,下面為大家整理了介詞的翻譯技巧,供大家學(xué)習(xí)。

(1)轉(zhuǎn)譯:英語中常用介詞來表達(dá)動(dòng)作意義。漢譯時(shí),可將介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。 
在作表語的介詞短語中,介詞常轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞,而連系動(dòng)詞則省略不譯。如:This machine is out of repair.這臺(tái)機(jī)器失修了。 
在作目的或原因狀語的介詞短語中,介詞有時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。如: 
The plane crushed out of control.這架飛機(jī)失去控制而墜毀。 
The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.通常用E這個(gè)字母表示電動(dòng)勢(shì)。 
在作條件、方式或方法狀語的介詞短語中,介詞有時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。如: 
But even the larger molecules with several hundred atoms are too small to be seen with the best optical microscope.但是,即使有幾百個(gè)原子的分子也是太小了,用最好的光學(xué)顯微鏡也看不見它們。 
④介詞短語作補(bǔ)足語時(shí),其中介詞常轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。如: 
Heat sets these particles in random motion.熱量使這些粒子作隨機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 
(2)增譯:增詞不是無中生有,而是要根據(jù)上下文特別是與介詞搭配的動(dòng)詞或形容詞的含義加得恰當(dāng)。有不少情況,句中與介詞搭配的動(dòng)詞或形容詞不出現(xiàn),如照原文結(jié)構(gòu)無法把意思表達(dá)清楚,甚至易于誤解時(shí),這就需要增詞。 
如:Thats all there is to it.那就是與此有關(guān)的全部?jī)?nèi)容。(原句中 to=related to) 
The engineer was taken ill with consumption. It was flour on the lungs, the doctor told him at the time.這個(gè)工程師得了肺一病、那是由于面粉對(duì)肺部的影響,當(dāng)時(shí)醫(yī)生這樣對(duì)他說的。(on=effect) 
因此,熟悉介詞與動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配是增詞并正確理解詞義的一種重要手段。 
(3)分譯:介詞短語作定語時(shí),往往是定語從句的一種簡(jiǎn)略形式。介詞短語作狀語時(shí),有時(shí)是狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)略形式。有些介詞短語還是并列句的簡(jiǎn)略形式。因此漢譯時(shí),有的可以拆句分譯。 
譯成并列分句。 
The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就象一把篩子,它把不同質(zhì)量的分子分開。 
譯成讓步分句。 
With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)盡管有種種缺點(diǎn),仍被認(rèn)為最佳設(shè)計(jì)之一。 
譯成真實(shí)或虛擬條件分句。 
Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind warmth.人的血液是熱的,如果得不到一定的熱量,人就難以長(zhǎng)期在海水中生活。 
譯成原因分句。 
We cannot see it clearly for the fog.由于有霧,我們看不清它。 
The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 
這部機(jī)器并不因使用的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而性能變差了。 
譯成目的分句。 
This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classifications: mechanics, heat, light, electricity and sound.。為了便于研究起見,通常將這門學(xué)科分為力學(xué)、熱學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)和聲學(xué)。 
(4)不譯:不譯或省略翻譯是在確切表達(dá)原文內(nèi)容的前提下使譯文簡(jiǎn)練,合乎漢語規(guī)范,決不是任意省略某些介詞。 
表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的英語介詞,譯成漢語如出現(xiàn)在句首,大都不譯。如: 
There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。 
Many water power stations have been built in the country.我國已建成許多水電站。 
有些介詞如for(為了),from(從……),to(對(duì)……),on(在……時(shí))等,可以不譯。如: 
The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.氣壓計(jì)是測(cè)量氣壓的好儀器。 
The air was removed from between the two pipes.兩根管子之間的空氣已經(jīng)抽出。 
Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.問題2和3的可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里得到。 
Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.大多數(shù)物質(zhì)熱脹冷縮。 
表示與主語有關(guān)的某一方面、范圍或內(nèi)容的介詞有時(shí)不譯,可把介詞的賓語譯成漢語主語。如: 
Something has gone wrong with the engine.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。 
Gold is similar in color to brass金子的顏色和黃銅相似。 
It’s never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我從未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。 
不少of介詞短語在句中作定語。其中of(……的)往往不譯。如: 
The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.電能變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能是通過電動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 (of短語和change在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,可譯成立謂結(jié)構(gòu)。) 
Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.現(xiàn)將極射線的一些特性開列如下。(第一個(gè)of短語和some在邏輯上有部分關(guān)系,Of不譯出。) 
(5)反譯:在不少情況下,有的介詞短語如不從反面著筆,譯文就不通,這時(shí)必須反譯。如: 
①beyond, past,against等表示超過某限度的能力或反對(duì)……時(shí),其短語有時(shí)用反譯法。如: 
It is post repair.這東西無法修補(bǔ)了。 
There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.有些論據(jù)不同意這行星上可能有生物。 
Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡已能探測(cè)普通光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡達(dá)不到的宇宙空間。 
②off, from等表示地點(diǎn),距離時(shí),有時(shí)有反譯法。如: 
The boat sank off the coast.這只船在離海岸不遠(yuǎn)處沉沒了。 
③but,except,besides等表示除去、除外時(shí),有時(shí)用反譯法。 
Copper is the best conductor but silver.銅是僅次于銀的最優(yōu)導(dǎo)體。 
The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用來表示碳原子和氫原子的總數(shù)。 
④from,in等介詞短語作補(bǔ)足語時(shí),有時(shí)用反譯法。如: 
An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass.鐵箱能使地球磁場(chǎng)影響不了指南針。 
The signal was shown about the machine being order.信號(hào)表明機(jī)器設(shè)有毛病。 
一個(gè)詞脫離上下文是不能翻譯的”(索伯列夫),沒有上下文就沒有詞義。介詞的翻譯須根據(jù)上下文和詞的搭配靈活處理,切忌作對(duì)號(hào)入座的機(jī)械翻譯。

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